植物热激转录因子研究进展

The Research Progress of Heat Shock Transcription Factors in Plants

摘要: 近年来高温天气带来的作物减产现象频现，热激转录因子家族Hsfs在缓解高温对植物的伤害中发挥重要的作用。Hsfs基因广泛存在于所有真核生物中，根据结构特点，Hsfs被分为A、B、C三大家族，目前对HsfA家族功能研究较多，对HsfB家族研究较少，对HsfC家族的研究未见报到。根据以往研究，Hsfs不仅参与植物抵御高温胁迫的调控过程，还参与植物抗旱、抗盐、抗氧化、抗重金属和抗高渗透胁迫过程。大部分Hsfs家族成员是通过调控一系列热激蛋白，分子伴侣，活性氧清除酶和其他功能蛋白基因发挥抗逆作用的。Hsfs通过与下游基因启动子区域的HSEs元件结合而调控下游基因的表达。本文综合了近几年的国内外研究报到，详细介绍了Hsfs家族的分类、功能、下游基因种类、调控机理等，以期为植物抗高温和其他逆境胁迫研究提供理论指导。

Abstract: High temperature is often predicted to reduce crop yield and grain quality recently. Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) play a central regulatory role in alleviating the harm caused by high temperature on plant. Hsfs exist in all eukaryotes. According to the different characteristics of structure, Hsfs are divided into 3 classes, A, B and C. Class A and B genes are heat responsible, but Class C genes have no response to heat stress. Class As are reported to play a central regulation role in heat protection through regulating HSPs. But the biological roles of Class Bs are not well known, Class C, not known. Hsfs are reported to regulate not only in the process of heat tolerance but also drought, salt, oxidation, heavy metal and osmotic stress tolerance. A series of genes encoding heat shock proteins, molecular chaperone, active oxygen scavenging enzymes and other functional proteins can be transactivated by Hsfs. And the transactivation relies on the binding of the DNA binding domain and heat shock element (HSE) in the promoter regions of the down-stream genes. In this paper, the classification, biological function, down-stream genes and regulation mechanism of Hsfs are introduced, for the purpose of providing theoretical guidance to plant heat and other adverse stress research.