饲料中添加酵母、酵母RNA、β-葡聚糖和酵母RNA + β-葡聚糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长和免疫性能的影响

Effects of Dietary Yeast, Yeast RNA, β-Glucan, Yeast Rna and β-Glucan on Growth and Immune Performance of Juvenile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticud)

摘要: (目的)本实验研究了酵母、酵母RNA、β-葡聚糖以及酵母RNA + β-葡聚糖配合使用对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼生长性能与免疫性能的影响。(方法)以基础饲料、含有0.2%酵母、0.04%酵母RNA、0.2%β-葡聚糖、0.04%酵母RNA + 0.2%β-葡聚糖复合物的5组等氮等能基础饲料投喂初始体重为5.0 g左右的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼60天。(结果)实验结果表明：1) 除β-葡聚糖组外，各实验组末重(FBW)、摄食量(FI)、特定生长率(SGR)较对照组显著升高，饲料系数显著降低(P < 0.05)，且酵母RNA组末重、特定生长率显著高于其他单独添加组及酵母RNA + β-葡聚糖复合物组 (P < 0.05)，饲料系数显著降低(P < 0.05)；2) 实验各组鱼体血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、溶菌酶(LZM)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力较对照组显著升高(P < 0.05)，其中酵母RNA + β-葡聚糖复合物组最高。3) 各实验组血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量较对照组显著升高，白球比显著降低(P < 0.05)，其中酵母RNA + β-葡聚糖复合物组最高。(结论)本实验结果显示：饲料中添加酵母、酵母RNA、酵母RNA + β-葡聚糖复合物均能提高吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的生长性能，以单独添加0.04%酵母RNA效果最好；饲料中添加酵母、酵母RNA、β-葡聚糖、酵母RNA + β-葡聚糖复合物均能提高吉富罗非鱼幼鱼免疫性能，并且当酵母RNA与β-葡聚糖配合使用时效果最好。

Abstract: (Objective) This study explored the effects of yeast, yeast RNA, β-glucan, β-glucan and yeast RNA on the growth performance, serum immune parameters of juvenile tilapia. (Method) In this experiment, four kinds of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing 0.2% yeast, 0.04% yeast RNA, 0.2% β-glucan and 0.04% RNA + 0.2% β-glucan were designed to juvenile tilapia (5.0 ± 0.02 g) for 30 days. (Conclusion) The results showed: 1) In all experimental groups except for β-glucan group, the final body weight (FBW), feed intake (FI) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish were significantly increased compared with fish of control group, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower (P < 0.05), especially fish in yeast RNA group. 2) Compared with control group, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) of fish in all experimental groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05), especially fish in yeast RNA + β-glucan group. 3) Compared with fish in the control group, the serum total protein content, globulin content of fish in yeast group, yeast RNA group, β-glucan group, yeast RNA + β-glucan group increased significantly, and the A/G ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.05), especially fish in yeast RNA + β-glucan group. The experiment included that dietary yeast, yeast RNA, yeast RNA + β-glucan could improve the growth performance of tilapia fingerlings and supplement of 0.04% yeast RNA showed better promotion of the growth performance; Yeast, yeast RNA, β-glucan and yeast RNA + β-glucan could improve the immune performance of tilapia fingerlings, and supplement of 0.04% yeast RNA + 0.2% β-glucan showed better promotion of the immune performance.