近30年乌兰布和沙漠东北边缘气候变化趋势及周期特征

The Tendency and Periodicity of Climate Change in the Northeast Margin of Ulanbuh Desert since Recent 30 Years

摘要: 利用国家林业局磴口荒漠生态定位监测站1983~2011年的降水、温度等气象资料，分析了乌兰布和沙漠东北边缘近30年的基本气候变化趋势特征；并通过小波分析方法对该区域气候的周期变化特征进行了研究。结果表明：1) 近30年乌兰布和沙漠东北边缘年际降水和水面蒸发量存在明显周期性，其变化周期分别为5~10年和10~14年，温度和风速变化不具有周期性。2) 乌兰布和沙漠东北边缘年际间降水无明显增加趋势，但年际间温度呈明显增加趋势，年均气温变化倾向率为0.307℃/10a，水面蒸发量和风速有明显减少趋势，年均变化倾向率分别为−50.45 mm/10a和−0.284 (m/s)/10a。3) 就季节变化而言，降水在夏、冬季呈下降趋势，春、秋季则呈上升趋势，且秋季降水量增加最明显，达3.697 mm/10a；气温在夏季、冬季变化趋势不明显，春、秋季则呈上升趋势，且春季增温幅度最大，达0.371℃/10a；春夏冬三季水面蒸发量均有所递减，夏季减少幅度最大(−47.83 mm/10a)，而秋季则呈现上升趋势；4个季节风速均呈下降趋势，冬季下降幅度最大(−0.555 (m/s)/10a)。

Abstract: Based on the meteorological data (1983-2011) of Dengkou Desert Ecology Research Station of Inner Mongolia, the tendency and periodicity of climate change in the northeast margin of Ulanbuh Desert were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) there existed significant period phenomenon on the variations of precipitation and evaporation in the northeast margin of Ulanbuh Desert since recent 30 years; their change cycles were 5 - 10a and 10 - 14a, respectively. It was no periodicity to the variation of temperature and wind speed. 2) The change of precipitation in the northeast margin of Ulanbuh Desert was not significant; the variations of temperature were obvious increase warming trend, and its changing rate was by 0.307˚C/10a; but the wind speed and evaporation had a de-creasing trend, and their changing rate were by −50.45 mm/10a and −0.284 (m/s)/10a, respec-tively. 3) From the point of climate changes of the four seasons, the changing trends of precipitation in summer and winter were decreased, while they were rose in spring and autumn, and increasing trend of precipitation in autumn was most obvious (3.697 mm/10a); the changing trends of tem-perature in summer and winter was not obvious, but they were rose in spring and autumn, and in-creasing trend of temperature in spring was most significant (0.371˚C/10a); the changing trends of evaporation in spring, summer and winter were decreased, and decreasing trend of evaporation in summer was most obvious (−47.83 mm/10a), but the evaporation in autumn was on the rise; the changing of wind speed during four seasons showed a decreased trend, and winter has the largest decline (−0.555 (m/s)/10a).