我国农产品冷链物流区域发展水平评价研究

Evaluation of Regional Cold Chain Logistics Development of Agricultural Products in China

摘要: 冷链物流是农产品流通现代化的重要标志，是促进农业供给侧结构性改革和保障食品安全的重要举措。我国农产品冷链发展迅速，但处于初级阶段，区域之间存在明显失衡，有的地方过于集中，有的地方则明显不足，而且各地在冷链物流建设发展过程中，仍然是存在地方主义，画地为牢的现象，难以统筹规划。本文根据因子分析方法构建了农产品冷链物流区域发展水平评价指标体系，提炼出了冷链物流需求总量，冷链物流供给水平，冷链物流流通量和冷链物流发展环境4个方面的公因子变量。然后利用因子分析法对省域冷链物流发展总体水平和各分项发展水平进行了评价。整体而言，浙江、江苏、山东等地冷链物流发展水平最高，北京、上海、天津等销地农产品冷链物流发展水平较高，中西部产地农产品冷链物流发展严重不足，尤其是冷链物流供给主体因子差距较大。本文提出以大城市圈为核心构建现代冷链物流体系，构建基于冷链物流全产业链整合的政策体系，完善金融、标准、信息、人才等配套服务体系。

Abstract: Cold chain logistics was an important symbol of the modernization of agricultural products circulation, and an important measure to promote the structural reform of supply side in the agricultural and ensure the food safety. The development of cold chain of agricultural products in China was rapidly, but in the initial stage, there were obvious imbalance between different regions. Some places were too concentrated, some places were obviously insufficient. There was still localism in the construction of cold chain logistics. According to the factor analysis method we constructed the evaluation index system of agricultural products cold chain logistics and regional competitiveness. The paper extracted the 4 aspects of the cold chain logistics which were the total demand of cold chain logistics, cold chain logistics supply level variables, cold chain logistics development environment and the total amount of cold chain logistics. Then, the overall level and sub item development of provincial cold chain logistics were evaluated by factor analysis method. Overall, the level of cold chain logistics development in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong was highest; the cold chain logistics development level in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and other sales territory of agricultural products was higher, the development of cold chain logistics in agricultural product shortage, especially the cold chain logistics supply main factor gap. This paper put forward the thought that the construction of modern cold chain logistics system should take big city circle as the core, give full play to the leading role of the whole industry chain integration, and perfect the financial, standard, information, talent and other supporting service system.