双膜覆盖沙漠水稻种植技术研究

Research on Rice Planting Technology of Double-Film Mulching in Desert

摘要: 为修复沙地土壤，将双膜覆盖技术应用于沙漠水稻种植中，选取了2014年起利用此技术种植的稻田土壤作为研究对象，研究了科尔沁奈曼旗沙地和稻田土壤氮、磷、钾、有机质含量的变化。发现随着此技术应用年限的增加，稻田土壤氮、磷、钾、有机质含量均呈现增加特征。与未修复沙地土壤相比，应用双膜覆盖技术稻田土壤总氮含量在2015年和2016年分别增加100%和200%；总磷含量分别增加100%和400%；总钾含量分别增加50%和150%；有机质含量在2014年、2015年和2016年分别增加25%、50%和150%，预计4年就可以恢复到一般草原土壤的营养水平；此外，双膜覆盖技术下铵态氮、硝态氮和有效磷含量也在随之增加。结果表明双膜覆盖技术的应用可以改善沙地稻田土壤，使土壤中的营养物质逐步达到正常土壤的水平，使沙地得到修复，并为下一代沙漠水稻的种植提供所需营养物质。

Abstract: In order to restore the sandy soil, double-film mulching technique is applied to the cultivation of desert rice. The un-restored sandy soil and the paddy soil planted by this technique were selected from 2014 to 2016 as the research object. The variations in soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), po-tassium (K) and organic matter (SOM) contents in sand and paddy soils of Horqin Naiman Qi were studied. Results showed that paddy soil N, P, K and SOM contents increased with the increase of this technology application years. Compared to un-restored sandy soil, the content of soil total N in the paddy soil planted by double-film mulching technique increased by 100% and 200% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, and the soil could be restored; total P content increased by 100% and 400%, and the soil could be restored; total K content increased by 50% and 150%, and the soil could be restored; SOM content increased by 25%, 50% and 150% in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, and the soil could be restored in 4 years. Moreover, soil NH₄⁺-N, NO_3--N and available P contents also increased. Overall, double-film mulching technique can improve the sandy paddy soil, restore the sandy land and provide the essential nutrients to the next generation of desert rice.