春都–雪鸡坪矿区物种多样性与群落结构

Research on Structure of Typical Forest Community and Characteristics of Species Diversity of Chundu-Xuejiping Mine, Yunnan Province

摘要: [目的]对香格里拉地区的雪鸡坪和春都矿区森林群落的结构和物种多样性进行研究，为今后矿区植被恢复与重建以及多样性的保护和编目提供理论依据。[方法]以植被的重要值指数对群落进行分类，以物种Shannon-Weiner多样性指数、Pielou群落均匀度指数、Simpson生态优势度指数为指标，对群落的植被多样性进行分析。[结果]研究区群落类型分为冷山林、杜鹃林、高山栎 + 冷山林、高山栎林、杜鹃 +高山栎林、云南松林6种群落类型。其中，蕨类植物2种2属2科，裸子植物3种3属1科，被子植物30种27属13科；各群落类型的多样性指标各不相同，有些差别还比较大。[结论]研究区处于矿山开发区，采矿、放牧、伐木等人为破坏强烈，导致生态系统结构功能的退化、生物多样性降低，应采取有效措施减少人为因素对生态系统结构功能和演替过程的干扰和破坏；对现有的中、幼龄林加强抚育管理，促进其回复发展。

Abstract: [Objective] This paper carries research on structure of typical forest community and characteristics of species diversity in Xuejiping and Chundu, Xianggelila, to provide theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and reconstruction, biodiversity protection and catalging in mining area. [Method] We classified the forest community by one-way importance, and analysed the community diversity and its changes with the elevations of the Shannon-Weiner index, Simpson, Pielou index. [Result] The 13 plots in research area can be divided into 6 community types: Abies fabri, Rhododendron simsii, Quercus semicarpifolia + Abies fabri, Quercus semicarpifolia, Rhododendron simsii + Quercus semicarpifolia and Pinus yunnanensis. The 6 forest communities have vegetation resources in 35 species of which pteridophyte has 2 families, 2 genera, 2 species, gymnosperm 1 family, 3 genera, 3 species, and angiosperm 13 families, 27 genera, 30 species. The community types of species diversity index vary greatly. [Conclusion] The research area is located above the mines so the forest communities have been disturbed in intensely by mining, grazing, logging, and other people and livestock, casuing the degradation in community structure and function of ecological system and bio-diversity’s reduction, so effective measures should be taken to decrease the artificial interference and damage to community structure and function of eoclogical system.