论雾霾的心理影响与心理应对

The Psychological Consequences and Coping of Fog and Haze: A Brief Analysis

摘要: 雾霾是一种更接近技术灾害的混合灾害。从个体心理角度，雾霾的心理影响表现为一种特殊的心理压力源。从社会心理角度，雾霾有可能激化本有的社会冲突，包括：增强问责，威胁信任；危害社会心态，促发谣言传播；放大对社会热点的争论。因此，雾霾的心理应对也应该从个体心理和社会心理两方面着手，既要增强个体对雾霾的科学认识和对健康的内控信念，又要增强社会大众的责任和合作，建立合理的社会规范，培育社会认同和公民意识，并管理好人们对雾霾治理的社会心理预期。

Abstract: Fog and haze is a mixed disaster which is closer to a technological disaster. As for its psychological consequences, fog and haze can be regarded as a special stressor from the perspective of individual psychology. From the perspective of social psychology, fog and haze may intensify current social conflicts which include enhancing responsibility attribution, threatening social trust, producing negative social mentality, fabricating and spreading rumors, enlarging the debate on some hot social issues. Therefore, the psychological coping of fog and haze should also be analyzed both from the perspective of individual psychology and the perspective of social psychology. It is necessary to strengthen the individual’s scientific understandings of fog and haze and the inner control beliefs on health. It is also necessary to strengthen the responsibility and cooperation of the public, establish reasonable social norms, nurture social identity and consciousness of citizenship and guide people’s expectations of fog and haze governance.