叶面喷硒对葡萄光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

Effect of Spraying Selenium on Photosynthesis Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Grape

摘要: 为探究叶面喷施硒肥对葡萄幼苗生长的影响并确定最佳喷施浓度，本实验以2年生巨峰葡萄扦插坐地苗为试材，喷施不同浓度亚硒酸钠，测定幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、SOD、POD和CAT酶活性，同时调查植株茎粗等状况。结果表明：叶面喷施不同浓度硒肥均可提高植株的叶绿素含量，以1 mg∙L⁻¹硒处理下的叶绿素含量最高，高于对照24.20%；各处理都显著增加了植株茎粗，与对照相比，0.5 mg∙L⁻¹亚硒酸钠处理下的植株茎粗显著提高，高于对照14.03%；叶片净光合速率(Pn)随喷施浓度的增加而升高，与气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)变化趋势相同，胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)随喷施浓度的增加而降低，且均低于对照水平；随喷硒浓度增加叶片POD、SOD、CAT酶活性均呈先升后降的趋势。

Abstract: This experiment was to explore the impact of spraying selenium on grape seedling growth and de-termine the best concentration of spraying. 2-years-old grape cutting seedlings were used as the test materials, spraying different concentrations of selenium fertilizer, measuring the chlorophyll content of the growth cycle, the net photosynthetic rate, SOD, POD and CAT activity, and investigat-ing stem diameter of the plants. The results showed that: Spraying selenium can increase the chlo-rophyll content of plants, especially in 1 mg∙L⁻¹ sodium selenite processing, the leaf chlorophyll content is 24.20% higher than the control. All treatments significantly increased the plant stem diameter, and the most obvious effect is in 0.5 mg∙L⁻¹ treatment with an increase of 14.03%, com-pared with the control. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased with the increase of the concentration of the spraying, which is the same with Stomatal conductance (Gs) and Transpiration rate (Tr). Intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) was lower than that of the control level and reduced with the increase of the concentration of the spraying. With the increase of selenium concentration, the activities of POD, SOD and CAT increased first and then decreased.