国外农业补贴政策比较及对我国的借鉴

The Comparison of Foreign Agricultural Sub-sidy Policy and Reference to Our Country

摘要: 农业是我国的基础性产业，在国民经济中占据重要地位。农业提供了人类生存最基本的必需品，其次，农业的发展是其他部门以及整个国家国民经济发展的基础。所以保障农业稳定可持续是国家发展的重要目标，因此制定合理高效的农业补贴政策，从而促进农民增产增收，保障粮食安全，提高种粮积极性尤为重要。近年来，世界上许多国家的农业补贴政策得到了快速发展，为本国农业进步做出了巨大贡献。本文在对国外典型发达国家和发展中国家农业补贴政策进行比较的基础上，结合经济合作与发展组织(OECD)生产者支持估计(PSE)方法对美国，日本，巴西和中国2004~2014年的农业支持水平进行差异化分析。结合各国农业补贴政策的做法和中国农业发展现状，提出了增加农业支持总量，加大生产者支持力度，优化一般服务支持结构，发挥金融优惠政策在农业生产中的作用，加强农业支持与保护的法治化建设，建立多元化的农业支持与保护政策体系等方面的政策建议。

Abstract: Agriculture is the basic industry in China, and plays an important role in the national economy. Agriculture provides the basic necessities of human existence, and second, the development of agri-culture is the basis for other departments as well as the whole national economy. So ensuring stable sustainable agriculture is an important goal of national development. Thus making reasonable and efficient agricultural subsidy policy to promote the farmers to increase production, guarantee food security, increase grain enthusiasm is particularly important. In recent years, many countries in the world have obtained the rapid development of the agricultural subsidy policy, making tremendous contributions to the progress for its agriculture. Based on a comparison of the agricultural subsidies policies of typical developed and developing countries abroad, this article combined with the the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Producer Support Estimation (PSE) method, and conducted a differential analysis of the level of agricultural support in the United States, Japan, Brazil and China from 2004 to 2014. Finally, combining the practices of agricultural subsidies in various countries and the condition of agricultural development in China, some suggestions are put forward: increase the total amount of agricultural support, increase the producer’s support, optimize general service support structure, exert the role of financial preferential policies in agricultural production, strengthen the legal construction of agricultural support and protection and establish policy proposals for diversified agricultural support and protection policy systems.