压力情境下，特质情绪智力对个体记忆偏向和注意偏向的调节

The Trait Emotional Intelligence Impacts on Individual Memory Bias and Attention Bias under Pressure Situation

摘要: 特质情绪智力作为一种低层次的人格特质影响个体的信息加工能力。但压力情境下，个体的信息加工能力又会受到压力的影响，产生不同的加工深度。本研究通过两个行为实验，考察在压力条件下，特质情绪智力如何影响和调节个体的记忆偏向和注意偏向。实验一探究在压力条件下特质情绪智力对记忆偏向的影响，采用2 (组别：控制组vs.压力组) × 2 (特质情绪智力：高vs.低)的随机区组设计。首先，使用正负性情绪自评量表检验被试的情绪状态；用特质情绪量表将被试区分为高低特质情绪智力；用公务员试题材料作为压力组的诱发材料，而用嫦娥三号阅读材料作为控制组材料。然后，使用自传体回忆任务(包含回忆的内容、效价以及效价强度评估)检测被试的记忆偏向。实验二探究在压力条件下特质情绪智力对记忆偏向的影响，实验设计与实验一基本相似，通过情绪词和中性词的点探测任务测量被试的注意偏向。结果发现，在压力条件下，高特质情绪智力个体存在积极效价的记忆偏向和积极词汇的注意偏向，低特质情绪智力个体存在消极效价的记忆偏向和消极词汇的注意偏向；但控制条件下， 高低情绪智力个体不存在记忆偏向差异和注意偏向差异.两个实验结果表明特质情绪智力具有调节效应，能够缓冲压力对信息加工的影响。

Abstract: The trait emotional intelligence (EI), as lower personality trait, influences one’s information processing ability. However, under stress situation, the depth of processing is different due to different pressure influences. The current study paid attention to how the trait EI affects memory bias and attentional bias under stress situation. Experiment 1 was designed to examine how the trait EI affects memory bias under stress situation. The design was 2 (group type: pressure group, control group) × 2 (trait EI type: high, low) randomized block design. Firstly, all the participants filled in the positive and negative affect scale (PANAS) to measure their the emotional state and the short form of questionnaire of trait of emotional intelligence to distinguish who has the high or low emotional intelligence; then, in the pressure condition, participants were induced stress through China Civil Service examination, while participants in the control condition were under general experimental material. After that, all participants performed autobiographical recall tasks (including content of memories, potency and potency evaluation). Experiment 2 was designed to examine how the trait EI affects attention bias under stress situation; the design and procedure was similar to Experiment 1, except for that a modified dot probe paradigm was used to measure the attentional bias. The results showed that under pressure situation, high trait emotional intelligence individuals bias toward processing positive memory and attention positive vocabulary, while low trait emotional intelligence individuals bias toward processing negative valence memory and attention negative vocabulary; but under control situation, both high and low trait emotional intelligence individuals did not have such memory or attention bias. These results of two experiments illustrated that trait EI has moderating effect and can buffer the influence of stress on information processing. The current study sheds light on how the trait emotional intelligence adjusts the pressure of information processing.