初中生数学问题意识的作用与培养

The Function and Training of Mathematical Problems Consciousness for Junior High School Students

摘要: 数学问题意识的产生，是学生们提出数学问题的前提。数学的教育教学是以问题为中心导向的学科。然而，目前我国传统的数学教学过程都是注重学生们知识量的灌输，却很少有数学老师能够认真关注学生发现和解决实际问题的能力。以往的课堂，现在很多农村地区都是学生只是想着回答教师的问题。并且很多数学教师以为这样的教学是有利于激发学生学习兴趣的有效的教学。他们的课堂问题通常是根据自己课程情况安排以及自己积累的知识对学生进行提问，学生通常只是努力思考如何能够答对老师的问题，却不去或者很少意识到去思考问题的起因，也很少或者不去质疑现有的知识、结论。长期如此学生会降低对数学的发问意识，缺乏了观察、理解能力，降低了提出问题的水平，致使他们不能够很好的去创新创作。基于以上问题，本文结合本地区实际情况以及我国现行新课标改革的具体实际，探讨了数学问题意识的培养，及其对初中生数学教学的重要作用。通过对本地区数以及国内大部分地区学校数学教学过程中的问题意识培养近状及产生根源分析，提出了具有可参考性的培养受教育者数学问题意识的伎俩和攻略，期望能够对我国初中数学教学提供实际可行和可参考的策略和方法。

Abstract: Mathematical problem consciousness is the premise of mathematical problems which could be raised by students. It is well known that mathematics teaching is a subject aimed for problems. But at present, in our country, the present course of traditional teaching of mathematics emphasizes on infusing with knowledge, but does not pay attention to the ability of students to find and solve practical problems. In a past long time, most of teaching processes appeared a situation that teachers gave questions and students tried to give an answer. Many teachers even think that this kind of teaching is the effective one which can stimulate students. Classroom questions were usually set up depended on the teacher’s knowledge and experience. And students used to work hard to answer the question, but do not think about what is it, why teacher asked it. Very few of them pay attention to doubting the framework of the knowledge. This leads the students grow up gradually with lack of question, observation and comprehend ability, let alone to create or discover the new knowledge. Base on these above problems, and combining with the actual situation of Hainan Province and the new curriculum standard of our country, this paper mainly discusses the training of mathematical problem consciousness and its importance in mathematics teaching of junior high school. By analyzing the current situation of training processes of mathematical problem consciousness in most regions in our country, we give some suggestions and advices on how to train the mathematical problem consciousness in the junior high school for reference.