权力与观点采择：内在机制及影响因素

Power and Perspective-Taking: Mediating and Moderating Factors

摘要: 大量研究证实，权力有时会降低观点采择，有时却又会提升观点采择。本文分别从“中介变量”和“调节变量”两个视角针对权力与观点采择间的关系进行分析，首先揭示权力降低观点采择的内在机制，其次辨明权力在什么情况下会促进观点采择，最后针对两者间的关系提出整合性的理论模型。未来的研究应进一步寻找不同类型权力影响观点采择的中介变量，同时，在个体、人际关系、组织和文化等多个层面揭示影响权力与观点采择间关系的调节变量，从而增进人们对于两者间关系的认识，寻找到提升高权力者观点采择水平的路径，最终塑造和谐的人际与群际关系。

Abstract: Power (the individual’s ability to influence others) would create a sense of being authorized, and therefore may increase the individual’s egocentric bias and damage perspective-taking (a psychological process of imagining or speculating others’ point of view and attitudes from their situation). Recently, however, a lot of research has revealed that the variables at the individual level, such as power motive, and in the contextual level, such as organizational culture, can moderate the relationship between power and perspective-taking, such that power can sometimes promote perspective-taking. Future research should be undertaken to identify mediators between different types of power and perspective-taking and to investigate what factors can modulate the relationship between power and perspective-taking in multiple levels. The current study contributes to promoting peoples’ understanding of the relationship between power and perspective-taking, seeking ways to enhance high-power individuals’ perspective-taking to foster harmonious interpersonal and intergroup relations.