社会比较对女大学生着装压力的影响——身体意象的中介作用

How Female College Students’ Social Comparison Influence Dressing Pressure: Mediating Effect of Body Image

摘要: 以广州市六所高校450名本科在校女大学生为被试，采用身体社会比较问卷、负面身体意象量表、女性着装压力调查问卷三个工具收集数据，探讨社会比较对女大学生着装压力的影响以及身体意象在其中的中介作用。结果表明：1) 广州市女大学生BMI仅有3.3%为偏胖型；社会比较平均分为2.87分，女大学生存在社会比较的心理；身体意象平均分为2.59分，但是各维度存在差异；着装压力平均分为3.27分，女大学生感受到着装压力。2) BMI各组在着装压力评分无显著性差异，而社会比较量表评分正常组得分高于偏瘦组(p < 0.001)，身体意象量表评分正常组得分高于偏瘦组，偏胖组得分高于偏瘦组(p < 0.001)。3) 三因素之间的相关分析表明，社会比较和身体意象之间呈正相关(r = 0.498, p < 0.001)，社会比较和着装压力之间呈正相关(r = 0.478, p < 0.001)，身体意象和着装压力呈正相关(r = 0.444, p < 0.001)。4) 逐步回归分析表明，社会比较对着装压力(β = 0.455, t=10.94, p < 0.001)、身体意象(β = 0.537, t = 12.58，p < 0.001)具有正向预测作用；第三步社会比较(β = 0.340, t = 6.47, p < 0.001)、身体意象(β = −0.213, t = 4.07, p < 0.001)对女大学生着装压力具有正向预测作用。因此身体意象在社会比较与着装压力中的中介效应显著。最后，本研究结果有利于了解社会比较对青少年身体意象的影响以及女大学生的着装压力情况，并对端正大学生身体意象以及减缓女性着装压力具有重大意义。

Abstract: The following three scales were used in the survey of 450 female college students from six universities in Guangzhou: Social Comparison Questionnaire, Negative Body Image Scale, and Female Dress Pressure to collect data to explore the effect of social comparison on dress pressure of female undergraduates, and the mediating effect of body image on it. The results show that: 1) The results of descriptive statistics show that only 3.3% of female college students in Guangzhou are overweight; the average of social comparison scale is 2.87, so the female college students have social comparison; the average of body image scale is 2.59. However, there are differences in all dimensions; the average of dress pressure scale is 3.27, female college students feel the pressure of dress. 2) There was no significant difference in the dress pressure scores among the BMI groups, while the scores of normal group are higher than those in the lean group (p < 0.000). The normal group of body image scores is higher than those in the thin group. The scores of fat group are higher than those in thin group (p < 0.001). 3) Correlation analysis between the three factors showed that there was a positive correlation between social comparison and body image (r = 0.498, p < 0.001), and there was a positive correlation between social comparison and dress pressure (r = 0.478, p < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between body image and dress pressure (r = 0.444, p < 0.001). 4) Stepwise regression analysis shows that social comparison has a positive predictive effect on dress pressure (β = 0.455, t = 10.94, p < 0.001), body image (β = 0.537, t = 12.58, p < 0.001); Stepwise social comparison (β = 0.340, t = 6.47, p < 0.001) and body image (β = −0.213, t = 4.07, p < 0.001) had a positive predictive effect on female college students’ dress pressure. Therefore, the mediating effect of body image on social comparison and dress pressure is significant. Finally, the results of this study are conducive to understanding the influence of social comparison on the body image of teenagers and the female college students dress pressure, and it is of great significance to correct the body image of college students and to reduce the pressure on women’s dress.