云南烟后套种豌豆的气候特征及影响分析

Analysis on Climatic Characteristics and Influence of Interplanting Pea after Growing Tobacco in Yunnan

摘要: 云南省有91个县种植烟草，种植面积和收购量占全国的35%~40%，烟田套种菜豆已成为云南高原特色种植的重要组成部分。为有效利用云南烟区烟后(8~12月)光照充足、干热适中的晚秋气候资源，发展烟后套种食米豌豆的特色种植，本文以云南中北部烟区姚安县烟后套种晚秋豌豆生育期气候特征分析为例，用EOF经验正交、气候倾向、Mann-Kendall突变检验和小波周期法分析了姚安县1961~2014年(8~12月)气温、降水、日照、结冰日数等气候因子的综合气候影响及降水和温度变化特征，结果得出：烟后套种豌豆生育期间，光日照因子成分、湿因子成分和热量因子成分对豌豆生长影响呈正贡献、结冰日数影响呈负贡献；近56年8~12月降水量呈21.2/10a减少趋势，且变化趋势显著，1977、2002年分别发生突变；积温呈23.0/10a d增加变化趋势显著，1997年产生突变；霜日数呈1.1˚C/10a减少趋势变化最显著，1964、1966和1976年发生突变；冷时段平均最低气温呈0.2˚C/10a上升趋势不明显；综合气候影响指数、干湿因子和热量因子主成分影响主振荡周期分别为17a、16a和7a；时段降水量主振荡周期29a、次振荡周期16a，00年以后2~4a左右周期最明显；积温主振荡周期7a；豌豆生长后期平均最低气温存在11a的主振荡周期和7a的次振荡周期；豌豆产量形成关键期霜日数存在19a、3a的并联主振荡周期和7a的次振荡周期。

Abstract: There are 91 counties in Yunnan province where tobacco is grown, accounting for 35%~40% of the whole country in terms of planting area and purchasing quantity. Interplanting beans in tobacco fields has become an important part of Yunnan plateau characteristic planting. In order to make effective use of the late autumn climate resources with sufficient light and moderate dry heat after smoking in Yunnan tobacco-growing areas and develop the characteristic planting of interplanting rice peas after smoking, this paper takes the analysis of climate characteristics in the growing period of interplanting late autumn peas after smoking in Yaoan tobacco-growing areas in central and northern Yunnan as an example, and uses empirical orthogonality, climate tendency, Mann-Kendall mutation test and wavelet periodic analysis to analyze the comprehensive climate influence and precipitation and temperature change characteristics of climate factors such as temperature, precipitation, sunshine and freezing days in Yaoan from 1961 to 2014 ( August to December). The results show that: during the growing period of interplanting beans after smoking, light in recent 56 years and the precipitation from August to December showed a significant decreasing trend of 21.2/10a, and the trend of change was significant, with abrupt changes in 1977 and 2002 respectively. The accumulated temperature showed a significant increasing trend of 23.0/10a d, and there was a mutation in 1997. The decreasing trend of frost days is 1.1˚C/10a with the most significant change, and mutations occurred in 1964, 1966 and 1976. The average minimum air temperature in cold period showed no obvious upward trend of 0.2˚C/10a. The main oscillation periods influenced by main components of comprehensive climate impact index, dry and wet factors and heat factors are 17a, 16a and 7a respectively. The main oscillation period 29a and the sub-oscillation period 16a of the precipitation in the period are the most obvious after 2 - 4 years. Accumulated temperature main oscillation period is 7a; the average minimum air temperature in the later growth stage of pea has a main oscillation period of 11a and a sub-oscillation period of 7a. There are 19a, 3a parallel main oscillation periods and 7a sub-oscillation periods in the frost days of the critical period of pea yield formation.