景观人类学视域下海岛社会的景观研究—以广东硇洲岛津前村为例

Study on the Landscape of Island Society from the Perspective of Landscape Anthropology—Taking the Ethnography on Jinqian Village of Naozhou Island in Guangdong Province as an Example

摘要: 景观人类学视域中对“景观”的研究，强调从人类学的整体性视角来思考景观的功能与意义，探寻景观背后人与环境的关系、历史与文化在景观实践中的作用等问题。民族志的撰写过程中，景观人类学强调当地人的主体性以及观察视角的多面性。以硇洲岛为例，在海岛社会中，当地的人文景观与自然景观都承载了当地所特有的历史与文化。景观人类学有关“场所”与“空间”的研究思考下，通过对硇洲岛的地景研究，可以从当地人的主位视角出发，来理解当地人对于景观的认知与思考。结合人类学的整体性视角，在景观研究中可以看到海岛社会历史与文化建构的过程性展演，并通过民族志的描述性实践来加以呈现。

Abstract: “Landscape” in the view of landscape anthropology emphasizes the function and significance of the landscape from the holistic perspective of anthropology, to explore the landscape behind the relationship between human and environment, history and culture in the role of landscape practices and other issues. In the process of ethnography writing, landscape anthropology emphasizes the subjectivity of the locals and the multifaceted nature of observation. Taking the island of Naozhou as an example, in the island society, the local cultural landscape and natural landscape carry the unique local history and culture. On the basis of the study of “place” and “space” in landscape anthropology, through the study of the landscape of the island, we can understand the locals’ cognition and thinking about the landscape from the perspective of the local people’s theme. In view of the holistic perspective of anthropology, we can see the process of the island’s social history and cultural construction in the landscape study, and present it through the descriptive practice of ethnography.