有色冶炼过程砷高温熔融固化技术研究进展

Research Progress of Arsenic High Temperature Solidification Technology in Non-Ferrous Metals Smelting Processes

摘要: 有色金属冶金过程产生的含砷固废因其较大的环境危害性而被广泛关注，高温熔融固砷是较为先进的砷固化/稳定化技术。本文综述了硅酸盐、硼酸盐、磷酸盐三种主要玻璃高温熔融固砷行为及相关机理；然而，玻璃化固砷属于二次高温熔融固砷技术，用于数量庞大的有色金属冶炼含砷固废的无害化处理不具经济性优势。本文提出熔融冶炼炉渣直接固砷的思路，认为在有色金属冶炼过程进行同步固砷是实现含砷固废无害化的重要方向。以铜冶炼过程为例，探讨了冶炼工艺参数对炉渣固砷行为的影响，提出了冶炼过程直接固砷亟需解决的问题。

Abstract: The arsenic-containing solid wastes from non-ferrous metals metallurgical processes are widely concerned due to its great hazards to environment. High-temperature vitrification is an advanced solidification/stabilization technology for arsenic. Three arsenic vitrification methods and mech-anisms including silicates, borates, and phosphates were summarized. However, it has no eco-nomical advantage to dispose vast arsenic-containing solid wastes from non-ferrous metals pro-cesses by the arsenic vitrification, i.e. secondary high-temperature vitrification. So this paper proposes a new route to solidify the arsenic directly in smelting slag, which is believed an important direction to realize the harmlessness of arsenic-containing solid wastes. Taking the copper smelting process as an example, the influences of smelting parameters on the arsenic immobilization behaviors were discussed, and the problems to be solved for the direct solidification of arsenic in the smelting process were proposed.