发酵豆粕替代藻粉对仿刺参生长及消化生理的影响

Effects of Replacing Algae Powder by Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth and Digestive Physiology of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

摘要: 为研究发酵豆粕替代藻粉对仿刺参生长及消化生理的影响，以发酵豆粕分别替代基础饲料中的藻粉及鱼粉藻粉混合物(2:15)，配制9种等氮实验饲料，饲喂初始体重17.7 g的仿刺参幼参70 d。结果显示：1) 替代藻粉后，实验仿刺参的增重率先升后降(P < 0.05)；肠道蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力变化不显著(P > 0.05)，淀粉酶活力先升高后平稳(P < 0.05)；肠道谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及谷草转氨酶(AST)活力呈先下降后上升的趋势，丙酮酸激酶(PK)及己糖激酶(GK)活力呈先平稳后下降的趋势；肠壁厚度无显著变化(P > 0.05)，但显著降低了绒毛长度(P < 0.05)。2) 替代混合物后，增重率显著降低(P < 0.05)；蛋白酶活力显著降低，淀粉酶活力显著升高(P < 0.05)；ALT及AST活力呈先上升后平稳的趋势，PK及HK活力显著下降(P < 0.05)；肠壁厚度和绒毛长度均先上升后降低。3) 发酵豆粕替代51.66%以上的藻粉或24.28%的混合物时，肠道绒毛长度变短、宽度变窄、数量变少，中央乳糜管变宽，微绒毛出现缺失；最高替代组粘膜下层出现明显异常。综上：本实验条件下，仿刺参配合饲料中发酵豆粕的添加量不宜超过10%，过量添加会损伤肠道结构，影响肠道消化及代谢酶活力。

Abstract: Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka, is one of most valuable cultured species in China. With its rapid development, algae powder which is the main components in feed was deficient. Fermented soybean meal (FSBM) was regularly used for replacing fish meal in fish diet. It also seemed to be one of high quality raw materials for A. japonicus. In order to investigate the effects of replacing algae powder by FSBM on growth and digestive physiology of juvenile sea cucumber, nine kinds of isoprotein experimental diets were formulated by replacing algae powder or mixture of fish meal and algae powder (2:15) and fed sea cucumber juveniles with initial body weight 17.7 g for 70 d. The results showed that with the decreasing of dietary algae powder, the weight gain rates were increased and then decreased, meanwhile, both protease and lipase activities were not affected, and amylase activities were increased. Both glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) activities deceased firstly and then increased afterwards, and both pyruvate kinase (PK) and hexokinase (GK) activities were stable firstly and then decreasing. Intestinal wall thicknesses were not affected by the diets, but the heights of villus were decreased significantly. With the decreasing of dietary mixture, weight gain rates were decreased significantly, meanwhile, protease decreased and amylase increased. Both ALT and AST activities increased firstly and then kept stable, and both PK and HK activities were decreased significantly. The thicknesses of intestinal walls and the heights of villus tent to raise then fall. When FSBM substitute more than 51.66% algae powder or 24.28% mixture, the height of villus became shorter, width became narrow, and quantity became fewer, meanwhile centrallacteal was broaden, and microvillus appeared absence. Submucous layers of maximum substitute groups were obviously abnormal. It can be concluded from the results that adding amount of FSBM in sea cucumber diet should not exceed 10%, or it may cause the damage of intestinal structure and affected the ac-tivities of digestion and metabolism enzymes.