微重力条件下降解的淀粉–聚乳酸环保航天材料

Microgravity Degradation of the Starch-Polylactic Acid Aerospace Environmental Materials

摘要: 近地空间航天器退役、报废、解体后的残骸、部件和携带物在近地轨道和同步轨道长期存在，积累为地球的“太空垃圾”，成为人类航空航天活动的巨大障碍，太空垃圾将成为航空航天事业发展的拦路虎和宇宙事故的肇事者，成为威胁人类安全的新隐患，并已经成为人类面临的新环境污染问题。对此，本课题提出微重力条件下降解的环保航天材料研究，以最终降解产物是糖、水、无毒气体的淀粉–聚乳酸材料为对象，研究可以在航天器和空间站中降解或再利用的航天材料，迈出可主动减排和再利用航天材料的第一步，发展太空条件下生物降解材料的功能强化与调控的新理论和新技术，治理近地空间污染，开拓材料、微生物科学的新进展。

Abstract: The decommissioning, scrapping, debris, components and carrying objects of spacecraft in near-Earth space have existed in long-term orbits and synchronous orbits. Accumulation of the Earth’s “space debris” has become a huge obstacle to human aerospace activities. Space debris will become a roadblock to the development of the aerospace industry and a perpetrator of cosmic accidents. It will become a new threat to human security and has become a new challenge for humanity. In this regard, this topic proposes research on environmentally friendly aerospace materials degraded under microgravity conditions. The final degradation products are sugar-, water- and non-toxic, starch-polylactic acid materials. The study can be used to degrade or reuse them in spacecraft and space stations. Aerospace materials, taking the first step to voluntarily reduce and reuse aerospace materials, develop new theories and technologies for the functional enhancement and regulation of biodegradable materials under space conditions, and govern the pollution of near-Earth space, and open up materials and microbiological science.