软条白沙枇杷冻害预防农艺技术集成研究

Study on the Integration of Agronomic Technology for Frozen Injury Prevention of Ruantiao White Loquat

摘要: 软条白沙枇杷是枇杷属中最易遭受冻害的栽培品种。本研究明确软条白沙种植区域，明确花果的冻害温度与持续时间。针对冻害问题，集成相关农艺技术方法，使防冻效果显著提高，防冻成本显著下降。主要技术措施：矮化植株、回缩冠径，增加枝条粗度；适时施肥，调节花性、缩短花期；改变清园方法。在此基础上进行技术集成，使之化繁为简，提高综合效率。集成技术的实施，使植株矮化率、短枝率分别提高94.34%、62.7%，花期缩短23 d，受冻率下降1.19倍，优质果率提高4.3倍。研究可为种植区域的扩大提供相应的技术参考。

Abstract: Ruantiao white loquat is the least resistant variety to coldness. This study identified the plant area, freezing temperature and the duration time of flowers and fruits. The relevant agronomic techniques were used to significantly enhance the anti-freeze effect, and decrease the anti-freeze cost. The main technologies were: dwarfing plant, retracting crown diameter, increasing branch roughness, fertilizing when appropriate, flower sexual regulation, shortening the flowering phase, and changing the method of garden cleaning. The results showed that, the plant dwarfing rate and short shoot rate increased 94.34%, 62.7%, the flowering phase was shortened 23 days, the cold damage rate decreased 1.19 times, the high quality fruit rate increased 4.3 times. This study could be a technology reference to expand the plant area of Ruantiao white loquat.