怀旧：在过去的几十年里

Nostalgia: In the Past Few Decades

摘要: 怀旧是一种与自我相关的社会情感，自我在怀旧记忆中总是处于主导地位，并且这种记忆多与亲密他人相关，同时它还是一种苦乐参半的复杂的情绪体验。它可以由视觉、听觉、触觉和消极情绪等多种因素触发，并且在怀旧中积极情感占主要部分。怀旧作为人类生活中重要的一部分，其主要的功能有激发积极情感体验、提升积极自我评价、维持自我连续性、加强社会联系，增强归属感、有助于自我认同的形成、提升与重要他人之间的亲密关系及促进亲社会行为、还可以在一定程度上提高冷压所带来的疼痛忍耐力。目前对于怀旧的测量主要采用内容分析法、实验法和问卷法三种，以问卷法居多，它主要是为了了解人们对怀旧的认知、情感以及这些认知、情感与行为之间的关系。目前怀旧研究应用得最多的是在旅游业和广告业，利用人们对“老东西”的情感带动消费，促进发展。

Abstract: Nostalgia is a kind of social emotion related to self. The self is always in a dominant position in nostalgic memories, and this kind of memory is more related to close relatives. At the same time, it is a bittersweet complex emotional experience. It can be triggered by many factors such as visual, auditory, tactile and negative emotions, and positive emotions, which are a major part of nostalgia. Nostalgia, as an important part of human life, has its main functions of inspiring positive emotional experiences, enhancing positive self-evaluation, maintaining self-continuity, strengthening social connections, enhancing the sense of belonging, and it can also increase the pain endurance brought by cold pressure to some extent. At present, there are three kinds of nostalgic measurements: content analysis, experimentation, and questionnaire. The widely used are questionnaires. It is mainly to understand the relationship between people’s nostalgic cognition, emotions, and these cognitions, emotions, and behaviors. Nowadays, most of the nostalgic researches are applied in the tourism and advertising industries, using people’s emotions of “old things” to stimulate consumption and promote development.