自由与希望——萨特存在主义哲学浅析

Freedom and Hope—Analysis of Sartre’s Existentialist Philosophy

摘要: 让-保罗•萨特是法国20世纪影响深远的哲学家之一，是法国无神论存在主义的主要代表人物，其思想也折射出当时正遭受动乱折磨的民众对自由的渴望，他本人则被誉为“20世纪的良心”。“自由”作为萨特存在哲学的一条主线贯穿于其中，是他的哲学的最核心概念，也是其整个哲学最具魅力的闪光之所在。萨特以“无神论”为前提，通过揭示出“自在”和“自为”的样态区分出了物与人的各自存在，从而得出了人是“存在先于本质”这一则哲学的基本原理，并把存在哲学定义为一种人道主义哲学，在面对种种绝望的处境之后，怀着希望走向了未来。这些理论如同一块巨大的磁石，其无形而深邃的理论磁性深深地吸引着人们的目光，对每一个人都发出全身心微笑。

Abstract: Jean-Paul Sartre was one of the most influential philosophers of France in the twentieth century, the main representative of the atheism of French atheism, whose ideas also reflected the desire of the people who were suffering from disturbance. He is known as the “twentieth century con-science”. And “freedom” is always running through Sartre’s existential philosophy before and after all the time, and is Sartre’s existentialist philosophy of the theoretical system of the core concept, but also the most attractive flash of his philosophy. Sartre with “atheism” as a prerequisite, by revealing the existence of freedom and self-existence of these two kinds of existence, obtained the first principle of philosophy of “existence before the essence”, and defined the existence of philosophy as a kind of humanitarian philosophy, in the face of the entire desperate situation, with hope to the future. These theories are like a huge magnet, and its intangible and deep theoretical magnetism attracts people's attention and sends a whole-hearted smile to everyone.