天山南坡巴音布鲁克草地建立家庭牧场及草地畜牧业的研究

Study on Establishing Family Pasture and Grassland Animal Husbandry in Bayanbulak Grassland in South Slopes of Tianshan Mountain

摘要: 在新疆和静县巴音布鲁克区长年研究草地生态、草地结构、草地利用方面获取的试验结果表明了，传统放牧和不合理的放牧，是影响草地退化的主要原因。因此，在巴音布鲁克草地建成家庭牧场为主的人工草地和放牧利用方式，有利于草地畜牧业的发展。过去的40年以来，我们在巴音布鲁克开展草地、畜牧科研工作的主要研究内容是在牧草栽培、家畜繁育、科学养畜、建立人工草地、草地改良、合理利用草地资源、草地生产力动态的研究等方面进行了大量的试验研究，获得了很好的研究成果，初步揭示了草地生产和家畜生产的潜力。为推动独立经营方式的家庭牧场畜牧业工作奠定了良好的基础。鉴于目前国家和社会对经济发展与环境保护的要求，急需推广应用这些研究成果，让该科研成果转化为经济效益、保障畜牧业高效发展和保证草地生态环境的可持续发展。试验结果表明，在巴音布鲁克牧区，每个家庭牧场由300只羊单位、200 ha草地组成一个家庭牧场。其中，人工草地：改良草地：天然放牧场的比例为1:3:6。这种草地配置有很好的效益，该组家庭牧场的当年小羊羔胴体重平均为18.7 kg，比对照组高6.1 kg；年死亡率下降到5%；繁殖率提高12.5%~21.5%；牧民年均收入是对照区的4.7倍。

Abstract: Hejing county in Xinjiang on the Bayanbulak grassland district in the research structure of grass-land ecosystem, grassland, grassland utilization in access to experimental results, shows that the traditional grazing and unreasonable grazing is the influence of the main causes of grassland de-gradation. Therefore, it is very good for the development of grassland animal husbandry to build up the artificial grassland and grazing utilization of the family pasture in Bayanbulak grassland. For the past 40 years, in the brook in the grass, animal husbandry and scientific research, the main research content is a forage grass cultivation, livestock breeding, raising animals and science, es-tablishing artificial grassland, grassland improvement, rational utilization of grassland resources, the grassland productivity dynamic research for a large amount of experimental research, having achieved very good results, preliminarily revealing the potential power of grass and livestock production. The research results have laid a good foundation for the family ranch to promote in-dependent operation. At present, it is urgent to popularize and apply the scientific research results, so as to transform the scientific research results into economic benefits and the sustainable development of animal husbandry and grassland ecological environment. The results of experi-ments and studies show that 300 sheep units and 200 ha grasslands are constructed and organized into a family pasture in the pastoral area of Bayanbulak grassland. Artificial grassland, improved grassland, the ratio of natural pasture is 1:3:6. This kind of grassland configuration has good effect. The average weight of the carcass of the lambs in the family pasture was 18.7 kg, which was 6.1 kg higher than the control group. The annual mortality rate dropped to 5%. The reproductive rate increased by 12.5% - 21.5%. The annual income of herders is 4.7 times that of the control area.