城镇化与城乡收入差距的倒“U”关系的研究

Research on the Inverted “U” Relationship between Urbanization and Rural-Urban Income Gap

摘要: 改革开放四十年来，我国经济发展有很大的提升，人均可支配收入大大提高，人均收入迈入中等偏上收入国家的行列。同时绝对贫困人口在不断减少，城镇化水平不断提高。但在我国经济快速增长的同时，人民并没有均等的享有发展成果，我国的贫富差距依然处于一个较高的位置。近年来，我国城乡收入差距却呈现出较大的波动，由此也产生了一系列社会问题。各阶层利益冲突不断显现出来，不利于和谐社会的建设。本文主要根据泰尔指数模型，利用数理推导和全国面板数据来分析现阶段我国的城镇化水平对城乡差距的影响程度，利用全国时间序列数据，实证检验城镇化水平与城乡收入差距关系及其内在协调机制；并针对我国现阶段城乡收入差距的现状提出在推进城镇化进程中应注意的问题，以及怎样缩小城乡收入差距，避免城乡分化带来的消极影响。

Abstract: In the past forty years of reform and opening up, China’s economic development has been greatly improved, the per capita disposable income has been greatly improved, and the per capita income has entered the ranks of the middle-income countries. At the same time, the absolute poverty population is decreasing and the level of urbanization is improving. However, the people do not enjoy equal development results with the rapid economic growth in China. The gap between the rich and the poor in China is still in a higher position. In recent years, the income gap between urban and rural areas in China has shown a great fluctuation, resulting in a series of social problems. Conflicts of interest among all strata are constantly showing up, which is not conducive to the construction of a harmonious society. This paper uses mathematical deduction and national panel data to analyze the impact of urbanization level on urban-rural gap in China at the present stage, which is based on the Theil index model. Using national time series data, the paper empirically tests the relationship between urbanization level and urban and rural income gap and its internal coordination mechanism; and aiming at the current situation of income gap urban and rural areas in China, it also puts forward the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of urbanization, and how to narrow the gap between urban and rural income and avoid the negative impact of urban and rural differentiation.