甘蓝型杂交油菜直播密度及其与植株性状、品质性状间的相关性

Correlations among Direct Seeding Density and Plant Traits and Quality Traits of Rapeseed

摘要: 目的：为了研究直播油菜密度及其与产量、植株性状、品质性状的相关关系。方法：通过考查648个甘蓝型杂交油菜新组合的密度、单株产量、株高、千粒重、角粒数、主花序角果长度、单株角果数、有效分枝位、一次分枝数、主序长度，并分析各组合的硫苷、含油率、种子蛋白质、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十碳烯酸9个性状。结果：直播油菜获得最高产量的密度为46.0833万株/hm²。主花序角果数占单株角果数的3/5以上。直播油菜的有效分枝部位(0.1800^**)与密度间呈极显著正相关，株高(−0.2830^**)、主序长(−0.4401^**)、一次分枝数(−0.3731^**)、单株角果数(−0.4312^**)、单株产量(−0.4526^**)、角粒数(−0.1269^**)、主花序角果长度(−0.1204^**)与密度间均呈极显著负相关，千粒重(−0.0554)与密度间的相关未达到显著水平，收获指数(−0.20298)与密度间呈极显著负相关。含油率(−0.3719^**)、油酸(−0.2371^**)与产量呈极显著负相关，蛋白质(0.5657)、亚油酸(0.2168^**)、亚麻酸(0.2414^**)、二十碳烯酸(0.2135^**)与产量呈极显著正相关，硫苷(−0.0462)、硬脂酸(0.0247)、棕榈酸(−0.0253)与产量间的相关均未达到显著水平。结论：提高甘蓝型杂交油菜的产量，油菜籽的含油率、油酸含量降低，种子蛋白质、亚油酸、亚麻酸、二十碳烯酸含量增加。增加密度，有效分枝部位增高，株高和单株产量降低、主花序和主花序角果长度变短、一次分枝数、单株角果数、角粒数减少。

Abstract: Objective: To study the correlation between the direct seeding density of rapeseed and its yield, plant traits and quality traits. Methods: To examine the density, plant yield, plant height, 1000 grain weight, seed number per pod, length of main inflorescence, pod number per plant, effective branch height, the primary branch number, main inflorescence length of the 648 new hybrid combinations of Brassica napus.; meanwhile, we identified the content for glucosinolate, oil, seed protein, oleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and eicosenoic acid. Result: The direct seeding density of the maximum yield from each hectare was 0.460833 million. The pods of main inflorescence account for more than 3/5 of total number of pods per plant. The data showed the significant positive correlation between the effective branch height and the direct seeding density (0.1800^**), furthermore, the significant negatively correlations were detected between the direct seeding density and the plant height (−0.2830^**), pod length of the main inflorescence (−0.4401^**), the primary branch number (−0.3731^**), pod number per plant (−0.4312^**), plant yield (−0.4526^**), seed number per pod (−0.1269^**), length of main inflorescence (−0.1204^**) and the harvest index (−0.20298), however, the correlation between the 1000 grain weight and the direct seeding density was not significant; similarly, protein (0.5657), linoleic acid (0.2414^**), linolenic acid (0.2414^**) and eicosenoic acid (0.2135^**) was positively correlated with yield, respectively, the oil content (−0.3719^**) and oleic acid (−0.2371^**) were significantly negatively correlated with the yield, and no significant difference was not detected between glucosinolates (−0.0462), stearic acid (0.0247) and palmitic acid (−0.0253). Conclusion: The oil content, oleic acid content decreased with the increase of yield, while the protein content, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and eicosenoic acid showed an increasing trend. The effective branch height increased with the increase of direct seeding density, but the plant height and yield per plant decreased, while the length of main inflorescence and pod length on main inflorescence were shorter, the number of primary branches, pod number per plant and seed number per pod decreased.