明末到民国天津慈善社团发展轨迹研究

Study on the Development Track of Tianjin Charity Corps in the Late Ming Dynasty and the Republic of China

摘要: 从明末到民国时期，天津传统慈善社团的发展经过一个由弱小到强大，由国家倡办到私人创办，在继承中沿着简单到复杂的过程发展。社团在发展的不同阶段体现了各自的特点。初期慈善社团数量少，种类比较单一，官民合作的趋势逐步加强；中期慈善组织具有多样性，救济类型更加丰富，规模更大；后期慈善社团的救济理念开始了教养兼施的转型，救济对象从本地向外地扩展，社团强化对慈善的宣传与普及等。这些特点彰显了天津慈善社团的发展轨迹。

Abstract: From the late Ming dynasty to the Republic of China, the development of Tianjin’s traditional charities went through a process of simple to complex development through a process of weak and powerful, initiated by the state and privately founded. In each period, it showed that the number of charitable associations in the early days was small; the types were relatively single, and the trend of cooperation between the government and the people gradually strengthened. The variety of charitable organizations in the medium term, the type of relief is more abundant and larger. The transformation of the relief concept of the later charity associations, the expansion of relief objects from local to foreign countries, and the strengthening of charity promotion and popularization are some of the characteristics. These characteristics show the development trajectory of Tianjin Charity Society.