阈下情感启动范式下的性别面孔情绪刻板效应

Gender Facial Emotional Stereotype under the Paradigm of Subliminal Affective Priming

摘要: 研究表明男女两性之间存在的差别性面部特征会影响他人对其情绪表达的觉知。在同一基线水平上，女性情绪更容易被觉知为开心、惊讶、恐惧，而男性情绪更容易被觉知为生气和愤怒，这种由于面部特征差异引起的对男女情绪状态的感知差异即性别面孔情绪刻板印象。本研究旨在证明阈下情感启动范式下的性别面孔情绪刻板效应，实验采用2 (启动图片人物性别：男性，女性) × 3 (启动图片情绪性质：开心，生气，无表情) × 2 (被试性别：男性，女性)三因素混合实验设计。被试在评价分类任务中判断目标图片情绪是“开心”还是“不开心”。采用重复测量方差分析对被试判断目标图片为“开心”的数据分析，发现启动图片人物性别与启动图片情绪性质交互作用显著，F(1,35) = 7.064，p< 0.01，在开心情绪启动和无表情情绪启动条件下，男女两性启动“开心”情绪均存在显著差异。研究证实性别面孔情绪刻板效应会对阈下情绪启动效应产生影响。

Abstract: Researches showed that the disparate facial features between males and females will affect the perception of emotional expression. On the same baseline, women are more likely perceived to be happy, surprised and fear, whereas men are angry, which is called gender facial emotional stereotype. We utilized the three-factor mixed experiment design, 2 (gender of priming image: male, female) × 3 (emotion of priming image angry, happy, neutral) × 2 (gender of subject: male, female), to examine gender facial emotional stereotype under the paradigm of subliminal affective priming. The subjects need to assess target images are happy or not when encountering evaluative categorization task. Then we analyze the data that is estimated “happy” using the repetitive measure of variance. The result showed that the interaction between gender of priming image and emotion of priming image is significantly different, F(1, 35) = 7.064, p < 0.01; there are significant differences when priming “happy” emotion whatever the happy priming or neutral priming. This study revealed that there exists gender facial emotional stereotype under the paradigm of subliminal affective priming.