抗逆力视角下家庭处境不利青少年自我分化发展的质性研究

A Qualitative Study on the Self-Differentiation Development of Family Disadvantaged Adolescent from the Perspective of Resilience

摘要: 目的：基于抗逆力视角探讨家庭处境不利青少年的自我分化发展。方法：在北京某高校招募父母离异或丧亲家庭大学生6名和曾有留守经历的大学生4名，通过半结构化访谈收集资料，采用类属分析法进行资料分析。结果：1) 早年父母缺位或与父母分离对青少年情绪反应、自我位置、情感隔离及与人融合等自我分化发展构成一定的影响；2) 积极认知、目标专注、情绪控制等个人因素以及家庭支持、人际协助等支持力因素具有缓冲作用。结论：家庭处境不利并不必然导致青少年的自我分化发展不良，影响结果与抗逆力有关。

Abstract: Objective: Exploring the self-differentiation development of family disadvantaged adolescent from the perspective of resilience. Method: Six college students from divorced or bereavement families and four college students with left-behind experience were recruited in a certain university in Beijing. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the method of generic analysis. Results: 1) The absence of their parents or separation from their parents in their early years had some certain effect on the self-differentiation development of adolescent, including Emotional Reactivity, I-Position, Emotional Cutoff and Fusion with Others; 2) Personal factors such as positive thinking, goal planning, affect control, and support factors such as family support, interpersonal help-seeking, all had buffer effect. Conclusion: Family disadvantage does not necessarily lead to poor self-differentiation development of adolescent, and the effect is related to resilience.