家庭、宿舍情境下的情绪表达忍耐：家庭/宿舍情感和情绪智力的影响

Expressive Forbearance in the Family and Dormitory Contexts: The Influence of Family/Dormitory Affection and Emotional Intelligence

摘要: 目的：考察大学生在家庭、宿舍情境下如何使用“忍”进行情绪表达，以及情绪表达忍耐与个体的家庭/宿舍情感、情绪智力之间的关系。方法：以武汉市某高校374名大学生作为被试，采用情绪表达忍耐问卷、家族主义/宿舍感情量表和情绪智力量表收集数据。结果：1) 总体上来看，被试在宿舍情境下比家庭情境下报告了更高水平的情绪表达忍耐(F_(1,365) = 9.37, p = 0.002)。2) 具体来看不同的忍耐策略，被试在家庭情境下比宿舍情境下报告了更高水平的“以柔克刚”策略(F_(1,365) = 8.61, p = 0.004)，以及更低水平的“共情”策略(F_(1,365) = 7.82, p = 0.005)。3) 在家庭情境下，情绪表达忍耐与情绪智力(r = 0.21, p < 0.001)、家庭情感(r = 0.14, p < 0.01)存在显著的正相关；在宿舍情境下，情绪表达忍耐与情绪智力(r = 0.19, p < 0.001)、宿舍情感(r = 0.25, p < 0.001)也存在显著的正相关。4) 回归分析结果显示，在控制了性别之后，情绪智力(β = 0.19, t = 3.70, p < 0.001)和家庭情感(β = 0.11, t = 2.04, p = 0.04)对家庭情境下的忍耐均具有正向预测作用；情绪智力(β = 0.16, t = 3.16, p = 0.002)和宿舍情感(β = 0.19, t = 3.63, p < 0.001)对宿舍情境下的忍耐也具有正向预测作用。结论：大学生在家庭、宿舍情境下的情绪表达忍耐在总体水平、具体的忍耐策略使用上都存在显著的差异。情绪智力、家庭/宿舍情感有助于理解他们在这些情境下的情绪表达忍耐。

Abstract: Objective: To explore college students’ expressive forbearance in the family and dormitory con-texts, and to examine the associations between expressive forbearance and individuals’ fami-ly/dormitory affection and emotional intelligence. Methods: Data were selected from 374 college students, using Expressive Forbearance Questionnaire, Familial/Dormitory Affection Scale and Emotional Intelligence Scale. Results: 1) In general, the participants reported a significantly higher level of expressive forbearance in the dormitory context than in the family context (F_(1,365) = 9.37, p = 0.002). 2) Specifically, the participants reported significantly more Showing Weakness strategy (F_(1,365) = 8.61, p = 0.004) and less Empathizing strategy (F_(1,365) = 7.82, p = 0.005) in the family context than in the dormitory context. 3) In the family context, expressive forbearance was positively correlated with emotional intelligence (r = 0.21, p < 0.001) and family affection (r = 0.14, p < 0.01); in the dormitory context, expressive forbearance was positively correlated with emotional intelligence (r = 0.19, p < 0.001) and dormitory affection (r = 0.25, p < 0.001). 4) Based on the results of linear regression analysis, after controlling for gender, expressive forbearance in family was positively associated with emotional intelligence (β = 0.19, t = 3.70, p < 0.001) and family affection (β = 0.11, t = 2.04, p = 0.04); expressive forbearance in dormitory was positively associated with emotional intelligence (β = 0.16, t = 3.16, p = 0.002) and dormitory affection (β = 0.19, t = 3.63, p < 0.001). Conclusions: College students’ expressive forbearance varies in the family and dormitory contexts. Both family/dormitory affection and emotional intelligence are helpful to understand the expressive forbearance in these contexts.