从菲利普⋅沃伦诗歌看禅宗“缘起”思想在美国现当代诗歌中的体现

Philip Whalen’s Zen Poems and the Pratītya-Samutpāda Doctrine of Zen Buddhism in Modern American Poetry

摘要: 《大乘入楞伽经》作为禅宗初祖达摩祖师传灯印心的般若经典，为禅宗在中国的发展奠定了坚实的基础，而其中的“缘起”观更是重要的核心思想之一；1932年铃木大拙英译《楞伽经》的出版，也将“缘起性空”的禅宗思想带入了美国文坛，影响了一代代的美国禅宗佛教诗人。在此基础上，本文将以美国著名禅宗诗人菲利普•沃伦(Philip Whalen, 1923~2002)的诗歌作品为例，通过以下两部分：1) 美国诗坛与禅宗佛法的交汇联系；2) 沃伦诗歌美学中的“世法缘起”，探讨这深刻的佛学思想所赋予美国现当代禅佛诗歌的独特魅力，也从中进一步思考禅宗佛教的海外传播及其深远的现代意义。

Abstract: The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, prominent Mahayana Buddhist sutra and the core Buddhist classic of Bo-dhidharma’s teachings and practice, helped to pave the way of the spreading and development of Chan Buddhism in Ancient China. The Pratītya-Samutpā doctrine, commonly translated as “Condi-tioned Causality”, is its fundamental tenet. With the publication of Lankavatara Sutra as well as its English version in 1932, Japanese Zen Roshi D.T. Suzuki propagated the idea of “Conditioned Cau-sality” into the literary field of modern American poetry. The present article, with the analysis of Philip Whalen’s Buddhist poems, hopes to demonstrate Zen philosophy and its unique influence on American literature from 1) the interaction of American poetry and Zen Buddhist philosophy; and 2) the principle of “Conditioned Causality in the universal world” in Philip Whalen’s poetry aesthetics. Moreover, it rethinks about the overseas dissemination of Chinese Chan and its far-reaching modern value.