日本文学作品中コトニハ句式翻译策略定量研究—兼与《日本语句型词典》词条做比较

A Quantitative Study on Translation Strategies of Kotoniha Syntactical Structure in Japanese Literary Works—A Comparison Simultaneously with the Entries in Nihongo Bunkei Ziten

摘要: 本文从74部日本文学作品和其汉译本中共选取383个コトニハ句式例句和与之相对应的383个汉译句，并对该两组之间的关联度(即コトニハ句式和汉译句之间的关联度)进行函数检验。其结果显示，在单句与复句中的翻译策略不尽相同。而通过本次分析得知：コトニハ句式中，单句的多倾向于用“对于…”、“无标句”来翻译，表示“单句中的惯用形式”的多倾向于用“事情”、“无标句”来翻译。在复句中，表示「ナイコトニハ否」与“如果/的话/否则/如果，的话”、「コトニハ肯」与“如果”之间双向关联度很高；表示「ナイコトニハ否」条件句还倾向于以“无标句”来翻译；「コトニハ肯」多译为“因为”；能译为或译成“如果”、“如果，的话”、“否则”、“只要，才”极有可能是表示「ナイコトニハ肯」；译成“的话”的句子极有可能是「コトニハ否」的コトニハ句式。

Abstract: From 74 Japanese literary works and their Chinese versions, the paper selects 383 examples of kotoniha syntactical structure and the Chinese translations to conduct a correlation function test. The results show that translation strategies in simple sentence and compound sentence are dif-ferent. From the test, the analysis results are as follow: in kotoniha syntactical structure, simple sentence tends to use “duiyu” and “p, q (unmarked)” to translate, and its habitual form is apt to use “shiqing” and “p, q (unmarked)” to translate. Compound sentence which shows naikotoniha negative has a high tow-way correlation with “ruguo/dehua/fouze/ruguo, dehua”, kotoniha affirmative and “ruguo”; conditional sentence with naikotoniha negative also tends to use “p, q (unmarked)” to translate; kotoniha affirmative is mostly translated into “yinwei”; if a sentence is translated into “ruguo”, “ruguo, dehua”, “fouze” or “zhiyao, cai”, it is highly possible to indicate kotoniha affirmative; a sentence translated into “dehua” is very likely to be a kotoniha syntactical structure with kotoniha negative.