新疆种子植物区系的数量统计及其地理成分特征

Quantitative Statistics and Geographical Components of Flora of Seed Plants in Xinjiang

摘要: 新疆地形地貌特殊，自然资源丰富，生态景观多样，植物种类独特，摸清其植物组成及特征对新疆植物资源的保护和开发利用具有重要的现实意义。本文以新疆种子植物为研究对象，整合大量文献、标本和实地调查数据，收集并整理植物县级分布信息。根据物种分布数据，分析了新疆种子植物的物种数量及地理成分特征。结果表明，有县级分布的新疆种子植物共计3716种(包括66亚种、224变种)，隶属于113科767属。其中裸子植物41种，隶属于4科10属；被子植物3675种，隶属于109科757属。草本植物最多，其次分别是灌木、乔木和藤本。含100种以上的大科有14个，仅为总科数的12.39%，但物种数高达2672。优势科明显，主要为菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、豆科(Leguminosae)、毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)和蔷薇科(Rosaceae)。新疆种子植物科有6个分布类型、8个变型，以世界分布科为主，温带分布次之，热带成分较少；属有14个分布类型、28个变型，以温带成分为绝对主导，占总属数的78.10%。

Abstract: For the special nature of the terrains, Xinjiang is rich in natural resources and ecological landscape. The flora in Xinjiang is also unique. Analyzing the composition characteristics of plant species diversity is essential to maintain and utilize this unique flora. We took Xinjiang seed plants as the object, and consulted a large number of literature, specimen information and field survey data to collect distribution information of plants at county level. Based upon the species distribution data, we analyzed the floristic composition and geographical elements of Xinjiang seed plants. The results showed that there were 3716 species (66 subspecies and 224 varieties) belonging to 767 genera and 113 families in Xinjiang. Among them, there were 41 species, 10 genera, and 4 families in Gymnosperm; 3675 species, 757 genera, and 109 families in Angiosperm. Herbaceous seed plant was the main growth form, followed by shrubs, trees and lianas. There were 14 dominant families (more than 100 species) such as Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae, which occupied only 12.39% of total families, but they consisted of 2672 species. The floristic geographical distribution types of families had 6 types and 8 subtypes. The cosmopolitan families were the most, and temperate families were the second, while tropical families were the least. The genera could be divided into 14 types and 28 subtypes, with temperate elements accounting for 78.10% of total genera.