中国海岸退化问题和整治修复工作评述

Review of Framework Design for Rectification and Rehabilitation in Degraded Coast in China

摘要: 海岸是开发海洋、发展经济的前沿基地，高强度的人类开发活动和强烈的海陆相互作用，使中国海岸地区资源环境所承受的压力越来越大，导致部分海岸出现严重退化的现象，海岸整治修复工作日益成为中国海洋环境保护和资源恢复的重要内容。为此，国家海洋局组织研究并提出了国家海岸整治修复工作框架。首先，归纳和总结中国海岸退化的突出问题和主要成因，然后从重点领域、运行机制、保障制度和技术支撑4各方面介绍和梳理了中国国家海岸整治修复工作框架体系，最后分析了该框架体系存在的问题，并提出了对策建议。

Abstract: The coast is characterized with the most intense land-ocean interaction and human activity, added with special importance regarding geographical position. In recent years, however, the develop-ment and utilization of coastal resources violate natural laws to certain extent, and there is in-creasing pressure on coastal resources and environment, resulting into serious degradation phe-nomenon in some coastal areas. Coastal remediation and restoration have become an important part of China’s marine environmental protection and resource recovery. Therefore, the State Oceanic Administration has organized research and proposed a national framework for coastal renovation and restoration. Firstly, based on induction and summary thereof, this paper analyzes the main reasons of coastal degradation from the two aspects of natural factors and human factors; secondly, elaborates framework design of rectification and rehabilitation in degraded coast in China, sums up the 7 keystones for rectification and rehabilitation in degraded coast, builds the operating mechanism with 4 primary courses , 6 manage systems and conceives 4 kinds of technique systems for Rectification and Rehabilitation in Degraded Coast; lastly, analyzes the disadvantage of the framework design of rectification and rehabilitation, and proposes the measures and suggestions.