不同生物炭菌肥对绿豆农艺性状及土壤成分的研究

Study on Soil Composition and Agronomic Characters of Mung Bean by Different Biochar Bacterial Fertilizer

摘要: 通过田间试验，一次性施入竹制生物炭来源的不同组成成分的生物炭菌肥，研究其对绿豆生长、农艺性状、产量及土壤成分的影响，为绿豆有机种植及土壤改良的应用提供科学依据。不同生物炭菌肥设4个处理，3次重复，肥料用量设置分别为：1) 对照：不使用任何肥料。2) 处理1：100%竹炭粉：4500 kg/hm²。3) 处理2：竹炭土壤改良剂：3450 kg/hm²。4) 处理3：竹炭生物有机肥：2250 kg/hm²。2017年对绿豆进行田间试验，调查生长期的农艺性状及收获时测定产量，同时采集播种前及收获后各小区的土壤样本测定PH值、有机质、速效氮、速效钾、有机磷、铁、水溶性盐含量。研究结果表明，不同配方的生物炭菌肥收获后对土壤成分的变化如下：处理3中可提高PH值0.2单位，其他处理无差别；有机质含量处理2 < 对照 < 处理3 < 处理1；速效氮处理3 < 处理2 < 对照 < 处理1；速效钾处理3 < 处理2 = 对照 < 处理1；有效磷对照 < 处理2 < 处理3 < 处理1。处理1、处理2的绿豆产量较对照减产15%~16%，处理3较对照增产16%。不同处理的株高、株荚数都较处理1有所增长。因此，一次性施入生物炭能有效减缓有机质、速效氮、速效钾含量的减少；一次性施入生物炭菌肥能够增加株高、株荚数及产量，降低第一开花位置高度。

Abstract: Through field experiments, biochar bacterial fertilizer with different components from bamboo bi-ochar was applied in one time to study its effects on the growth, agronomic characters, yield and soil composition of mung bean, providing a scientific basis for organic planting of mung bean and the application of soil improvement. 4 treatments were used for different biochar bacterial fertilizers, 3 times repeated, and fertilizer dosage was set as: 1) CK: no fertilizer was used; 2) treatment of 1:100% bamboo charcoal powder: 4500 kg/hm² 3) treatment of 2 bamboo charcoal soil conditioner: 3450 kg/hm² 4) treatment of 3 bamboo charcoal bio-organic fertilizer: 2250 kg/hm². Field experiments were conducted on mung bean in 2017 to investigate agronomic characters of growing period and determine yield at harvest time. Meanwhile, soil samples from each community before and after planting were collected to determine PH value, organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting potassium, organophosphorus, iron and water-soluble salt content. The results show that the changes of soil composition after harvest of biochar bacterial fertilizers with different formulations are as follows: the PH value can be increased by 0.2 unit in treatment 3, and there is no difference in other treatments. Organic matter content treatment 2 < CK < treatment 3 < treatment 1; quick-acting nitrogen treatment 3 < treatment 2 < CK < treatment 1; quick-acting potassium treatment 3 < treatment 2 = CK < treatment 1; organophosphorus CK < treatment 2 < treatment 3 < treatment 1. The yield of mung bean treated 1 and 2 decreased by 15% - 16% compared with CK, and the yield of 16% increased by 3 compared with CK. The plant height and pod number of different treatments were all higher than that of treatment 1. Therefore, one-time application of biochar can effectively slow down the reduction of organic matter, quick-acting nitrogen and quick-acting potassium. One-time application of biochar bacterial fertilizer could increase plant height, plant pod number and yield, and reduce the height of first flowering.