图片交换沟通系统促进孤独症儿童沟通能力的研究

A Review on the Picture Exchange Communication System to Promote Autistic Children’s Communication Ability

摘要: 近年来，孤独症发病率逐年上升，并在世界范围内得到了广泛的关注。孤独谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD)又称自闭症，是一种广泛、终生性神经发育缺陷疾病，其核心临床症状表现为语言沟通障碍和社会交往障碍，并在此基础上存在一系列的行为问题，如兴趣狭窄，刻板行为等。对于孤独症的治疗，目前主要集中在家庭和机构的教育干预和行为训练等方面。孤独症儿童中有87.1%以上首诊症状为语言障碍，由于语言沟通障碍和社会交往缺陷是孤独症儿童的核心障碍，因此改善患儿的社会交往能力，特别是沟通能力是目前孤独症儿童康复训练治疗的主要任务。图片交换沟通系统(Picture Exchange Communication System, PECS)是一种在行为分析的基础上，为孤独症儿童等存在言语障碍的个体进行沟通交流而设计的干预训练程序。该系统利用孤独症儿童在视觉言语理解优于听觉言语的特点，通过对孤独症儿童进行阶段性的训练，使其能够运用图片表达自己的需求和意愿，逐步扩大言语交流范围，提升自主交流的能力，最终达到适应社会的目的。本文对图片交换沟通系统在孤独症儿童沟通能力发展方面的研究进行了系统总结，并提出未来图片交换沟通系统对孤独症儿童发展影响的研究展望。

Abstract: In recent years, the research on autism spectrum disorders has attracted wide attention all over the world. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a widespread and lifelong heterogeneous neu-rodevelopmental disorder. And the core clinical symptoms are language communication disorder and social communication disorder, then a series of behavioral problems following, such as restricted interest, stereotyped behavior, etc. For the treatment of autism, the current research has not yet found a consistent and effective treatment. Current treatment is mainly focused on educational intervention and behavior training in family and institution. According to a relevant study, more than 87.1% of autistic children have severe and first language symptoms. Language disorder and social communication defects are the core obstacles for autistic children. Therefore, improving children’s social communication ability, especially language communication ability, is the main task of rehabilitation training for autistic children. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is based on behavior analysis, that the intervention training program is designed for communication among children with autistic and other speech impaired individuals. For autistic children’s visual speech comprehension better than auditory, the system takes advantage of this. Through training, autistic children can use pictures to express their needs and wishes, expand the scope of verbal communication gradually, enhance the ability of self-initiating communication, and ultimately achieve the purpose of adapting to society. This paper systematically summarizes the research of picture exchange communication system in the development of communication ability of autistic children. It also proposes the future research prospects of the Picture Exchange Communication System on the development of autistic children.