一种流体流速模拟平台的系统设计

System Design of a Fluid Flow Velocity Simulation Platform

摘要: 海流是海洋水文的三大要素之一，海流流速的模拟和测量是研究海洋的基础，对国家的海洋战略具有重大意义。为了能够在实验环境下模拟海水的流动，文章设计了一种基于速度分解原理的海水垂直流和水平流的模拟平台。首先，介绍了平台的工作原理，对关键部件进行了强度计算与有限元仿真分析。其次，基于模糊PID控制方法设计了平台的伺服控制系统，并通过Simulink仿真比较了采用传统PID和模糊PID控制器的直线电机模型对于阶跃信号的响应。最后，对水平状态下的直线电机进行实验。有限元分析表明主支撑板的最大相对形变量为0.1196 mm，满足直线电机对主支撑板的形变要求，电机实验则表明，对采用模糊PID控制器的直线电机进行速度为10 mm/s的等速引导时稳态误差为0.17 mm/s，验证了模糊PID的有效性，稳态时电机的速度波动在2%以内，能够满足模拟海水流动的要求。

Abstract: The current is one of the three major elements of ocean hydrology, and the simulation and meas-urement of current velocity is the basis of studying ocean, which is of great significance to the na-tional ocean strategy. In order to simulate the flow of seawater in experimental environment, a device to imitate the upwelling and horizontal flow of seawater is designed by changing the slope angel of slide guide of velocity detector on the frame; First, the working principle of the platform is introduced, and the finite element analysis of key components is performed. Then, based on the fuzzy PID control method, the servo control system of the platform is determined, and the response to the step signal using fuzzy PID algorithm is compared with those using the traditional PID one through Simulink simulation. Finally, experiments were conducted on a linear motor in horizontal state. Finite element analysis shows that the maximum relative displacement of the main support plate is 0.1196 mm, which satisfies requirements of the linear motor on the main support plate. The motor experiment shows that the linear motor with fuzzy PID controller is capable of sliding at velocity of 10 mm/s with speed fluctuation less than 0.17 mm/s (within 2%), which confirms advantages of the fuzzy PID algorithm and validates the capability of the device to simulate the flow of seawater well.