太空电梯力学特性分析

Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Space Elevator

摘要: 太空电梯是一种以低成本将有效载荷运送至太空的设想，是未来航天领域发展的重要方向之一。本文对太空电梯一些力学特性进行了计算，分析了太空站的选址与太空电梯长度之间的关系并给出了太空站选址的方法；针对几种典型的方案，本文给出了太空电梯的应力分布情况并得到了最大应力的位置与大小；最后，本文计算了单位载荷运送至空间站所需的最低能量以及侧向控制冲量。为后续继续开展太空电梯的设计工作提供参考。

Abstract: Space elevator is a new way to transporting loads to space at a low cost, which is one of the most important development trends. Based on the method of theoretical mechanics, this paper gives a discussion of the relationship between the location of the space station and the length of the ele-vator. For some designs of the space elevator, this paper discusses the distribution of stress and points at the position and value of the largest stress. Finally, the lowest energy and the lateral controlling impulse are calculated when a unit load is transported to space.