父母教养方式与大学生自卑感之间的关系研究

Research on the Relationship between Parenting Styles and College Students’ Feeling of Inferiority

摘要: 目的：调查在校大学生的自卑感，探讨父母教养方式各个因子与大学生自卑感之间的关系。方法：运用EMBU父母教养方式问卷与FIS自卑感量表对351名大学生进行问卷调查，回收到有效问卷300份。结果：通过性别以及生活环境为变量对自卑感得分进行方差分析，发现从小生活在农村的人的自卑感显著高于从小生活在城市的人的自卑感(F = 99.398, P < 0.01)；性别与生活环境的交互作用显著(F = 18.09, P < 0.01)，农村女性的自卑感最高，而城市女性的自卑感最低。通过父母教养方式建立的自卑感回归方程模型有统计学意义。发现父母情感温暖与理解与自卑感呈显著的负相关(P均小于0.01)，父母亲惩罚严厉、父亲过分干涉、父亲过度保护、母亲拒绝否认与自卑感呈显著的正相关(P均小于0.01)。结论：在校大学生的总体自卑感不高；父母的温暖与理解对孩子的心理健康有积极的意义，而父母的严厉与过分的干涉和保护，以及否认，类似的充满压迫性的消极的教养方式，更容易导致孩子产生自卑情绪，不利于孩子的心理健康。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the inferiority feeling of college students and to explore the correlations between the factors of parenting style and the inferiority of college students. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 351 college students using the EMBU Parenting Style Questionnaire and the FIS Inferiority Scale. 300 valid questionnaires were collected. Results: It was found that the inferiority of people living in rural areas was significantly higher than that of people living in cities from a young age (F = 99.398, P < 0.01). The interaction between gender and living environment was significant (F = 18.09, P < 0.01). Rural female students had the highest inferiority, while urban female students had the lowest inferiority. The regression equation model of inferiority feeling established by parenting style is statistically significant. It was found that parents’ emotional warmth was significantly negatively correlated with inferiority (P < 0.01); severe parental punishment, excessive parental interference, excessive parental protection, and mother’s refusal were positively correlated with inferiority (P is less than 0.01). Conclusion: The overall inferiority of college students is not high; the warmth and understanding of parents have positive significance for children’s mental health, while the parents’ strict and excessive interference and protection, denial and the like are more likely to cause children to feel inferior, which is not conducive to their mental health.