不同有机物料的腐解特征及对土壤肥力的影响
Decomposition Characteristics of Different Organic Materials and Their Effects on Soil Fertility
DOI: 10.12677/HJSS.2018.64012, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 张青伟, 王小利*, 杨 芳, 杨秀才, 陈 领：贵州大学农学院，贵州 贵阳；段建军：贵州大学烟草学院，贵州 贵阳；郭 振：陕西省土地工程建设集团，陕西 西安
关键词: 有机物料；腐解；土壤肥力；Organic Materials； Decomposition； Soil Fertility
摘要: 本文通过对有机物料埋土还田后，有机养分的腐解速率特征及对土壤肥力的影响研究。主要总结了前人研究玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆和小麦秸秆三种有机物料埋土还田后的腐解特征及其对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，水稻秸秆、小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆腐解速率差异性显著(P < 0.05)，表现为：玉米秸秆 > 水稻秸秆 > 小麦秸秆，且烘干秸秆 > 新鲜秸秆；有机养分的释放规律为K > P > N > C；添加玉米秸秆后，土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、全氮和微生物量氮均显著(P > 0.05)增加；添加玉米秸秆的CO2释放率高于水稻秸秆和小麦秸秆，未添加秸秆的土壤各指标均低于添加三种秸秆的土壤；三者都不同程度的提高了土壤肥力，增强了土壤的理化性状，提高了微生物数量和活性以及提高了有机碳和有效养分含量。为研究有机肥及其对土壤的影响、促进作物生长、提高作物产量和改善土壤的理化性质提供了可靠的依据。
Abstract: This paper summarizes the characteristics of decomposition rate of organic nutrients and their ef-fects on soil fertility after returning organic materials to soil. This paper summarized the decompo-sition characteristics of three organic materials, maize straw, rice straw and wheat straw, and their effects on soil fertility. The results showed that the decomposition rates of rice straw, wheat straw and maize straw were significantly different (P > 0.05), which showed that corn straw > rice straw > wheat straw, and dried straw > fresh straw; the release of organic nutrients was K > P > N > C; after adding maize straw, soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, total nitrogen and the microbial biomass carbon increased significantly. The CO2 release rate of corn straw was higher than that of rice straw and wheat straw, and the indexes of soil without corn straw were lower than those of soil with three kinds of straw. All of the three straws improved soil fertility, physical and chemical prop-erties, microbial quantity and activity to some extent, and increased organic carbon and effective nutrient content. It provides a reliable basis for studying organic fertilizer and its effect on soil, promoting crop growth, increasing crop yield and improving soil physical and chemical properties.
文章引用：张青伟, 王小利, 段建军, 杨芳, 郭振, 杨秀才, 陈领. 不同有机物料的腐解特征及对土壤肥力的影响[J]. 土壤科学, 2018, 6(4): 94-99. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJSS.2018.64012

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