长江上游梯级水库群对洞庭湖水资源影响研究
Impact of Cascade Reservoirs in the Upper Yangtze River on Water Resources in Dongting Lake
DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2018.75050, PDF,  被引量    国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 桂梓玲, 刘 攀, 龚文婷, 谢艾利, 沈卓伟：武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室，湖北 武汉；李 军：湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院，湖北 武汉；伍佑伦, 刘晓群：湖南省水利水电科学研究院，湖南 长沙；汤小俊：湖南省洞庭湖水利工程管理局，湖南 长沙
关键词: 洞庭湖；长江；水库群调度；水文情势；水资源；Dongting Lake； Yangtze River； Multi-Reservoir Regulation； Hydrological Regime； Water Resources
摘要: 长江干流通过三口分流和湖泊出口顶托两个方面对洞庭湖水文情势施加影响。本文首先建立了三峡等长江上游21座梯级水库群的调度模型，得到经水库群调度后的宜昌流量过程；然后基于长江干流对洞庭湖的顶托作用，建立了以宜昌和四水流量作为输入、洞庭湖区鹿角水位和城陵矶流量作为输出的洞庭湖水文模拟模型；最后，分别将自然情况下和水库群调度后的宜昌流量作为输入，通过对比鹿角水位、城陵矶流量分析长江上游梯级水库群调度对洞庭湖水文情势的影响。计算结果表明：1) 9月、10月和11月鹿角平均水位分别降低了0.75、1.25和0.70 m、城陵矶平均流量分别减少了1060、1029和472 m3/s；2) 平水年9月~11月，水库群蓄水导致长江干流平均水位降低2.2 m，洞庭湖平均水位降低1.9 m，城陵矶流量在9月增大而在10~11月减小、平均流量减少2207 m3/s。可见水库群调度对洞庭湖水资源产生了较大的影响，蓄水期影响的程度取决于三峡水库最小下泄流量需求。
Abstract: The Yangtze River exerts an influence on the hydrologic regime of Dongting Lake through the diversion at the three outlets and the backwater effect at the lake outlet. Firstly, a multi-reservoir regulation model is established based on 21 reservoirs in the upper Yangtze River, and discharge at Yichang sta-tion can be calculated. Then, an empirical correlation model is developed to forecast the water level at Lujiao station and the discharge at Chenglingji station from the discharges at Yichang and Sishui, based on the backwater effect by the Yangtze River. With the discharges at Yichang station under natural con-ditions and multi-reservoir regulation taken as input respectively, the effects of multi-reservoir regulation on the hydrological regime in Dongting Lake are analyzed by comparing the output results. Results show that: 1) the average water level at Lujiao station decreases by 0.75 m and 1.25 m, and the average discharge at Chenglingji station decreases by 1060 m3/s and 1029 m3/s in September and October, respectively; 2) during the water storage period in the normal flow year, the average water level at Jianli and Lujiao station decreases by 2.2 m and 1.9 m, respectively, the discharge at Chenglingji station increases first and then decreases, and the average rate decreases by 2207 m3/s. It is demonstrated that the multi-reservoir regulation has a great impact on the water resources in Dongting Lake, and the degree of impact during the storage period depends on the minimum outflow discharge of the Three Gorges reservoir.
文章引用：桂梓玲, 李军, 刘攀, 伍佑伦, 汤小俊, 刘晓群, 龚文婷, 谢艾利, 沈卓伟. 长江上游梯级水库群对洞庭湖水资源影响研究[J]. 水资源研究, 2018, 7(5): 445-455. https://doi.org/10.12677/JWRR.2018.75050

参考文献

[1] JIANG, J. H., LAI, X. J., and HUANG, Q. The characteristics of flood responses to the restoration of polders on Dongting Lake, China. International Association of Scientific Hydrology Bulletin, 2007, 52(4): 671-685.
[2] DU, Y., XUE, H. P., WU, S. J., et al. Lake area changes in the middle Yangtze region of China over the 20th century. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92(4): 1248-1255.
[3] YUAN, Y. J., ZENG, G. M., LIANG, J., et al. Variation of water level in Dongting Lake over a 50-year period: implications for the impacts of anthropogenic and climatic factors. Journal of Hydrology, 2015, 525: 450-456.
[4] 黄群, 孙占东, 姜加虎. 三峡水库运行对洞庭湖水位影响分析[J]. 湖泊科学, 2011, 23(3): 424-428. HUANG Qun, SUN Zhandong, and JIANG Jiahu. Impacts of the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the lake water level of Lake Dongting. Journal of Lake Science, 2011, 23(3): 424-428. (in Chinese)
[5] 王冬, 李义天, 邓金运, 等. 三峡水库蓄水期洞庭湖水力要素变化初步分析[J]. 水力发电学报, 2014, 33(2): 26-32. WANG Dong, LI Yitian, DENG Jinyun, et al. Preliminary analysis of changes in hydraulic elements of Dongting Lake in storage period of Three Gorges reservoir. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2014, 33(2): 26-32. (in Chinese)
[6] 王冬, 方娟娟, 李义天, 等. 三峡水库调度方式对洞庭湖入流的影响研究[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2016, 33(12): 10-16. WANG Dong, FANG Juanjuan, LI Yitian, et al. Influence of Three Gorges Reservoir operation on inlet flow of Dongting Lake. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2016, 33(12): 10-16. (in Chinese)
[7] 陈虞平. 三峡水库运用后长江与洞庭湖水沙交换的变化及响应[D]. 硕士论文, 北京: 中国水利水电科学研究院, 2016. CHEN Yuping. The variations and response of water and sediment exchange between Yangtze River and Dongting Lake after the Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment. Master’s Thesis, Beijing: China Institution of Water Resources & Hydropower Research, 2016. (in Chinese)
[8] 丛振涛, 肖鹏, 章诞武, 等. 三峡工程运行前后城陵矶水位变化及其原因分析[J]. 水力发电学报, 2014, 33(3): 23-28. CONG Zhentao, XIAO Peng, ZHANG Danwu, et al. Water stage at Chenglingji before and after the Three Gorges project. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2014, 33(3): 23-28. (in Chinese)
[9] 张细兵, 卢金友, 王敏, 等. 三峡工程运用后洞庭湖水沙情势变化及其影响初步分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2010, 19(6): 640-643. ZHANG Xibing, LU Jinyou, WANG Min, et al. Preliminary study on flow and sediment changing and influence on Dongting Lake after the Three Gorges project operation. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2010, 19(6): 640-643. (in Chinese)
[10] CHEN, Y. C., WANG, Z. Y., LIU, Z. W., et al. 1D-2D coupled numerical model for shallow-water flows. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2012, 138(2): 122-132.
[11] LAI, X. J., LIANG, Q. H., JIANG, J. H., et al. Impoundment effects of the Three-Gorges-Damon flow regimes in two China’s largest fresh water lakes. Water Resources Management, 2014, 28(14): 5111-5124.
[12] 马乐宽, 邱瑀, 赵越, 等. 基于改进的神经网络与支持向量机的小流域日径流量预测研究[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2016, 27(5): 23-27. MA Lekuan, QIU Yu, ZHAO Yue, et al. Prediction of daily runoff in a small watershed based on improved neural network and support vector machine (SVM). Journal of Water Resources & Water Engineering, 2016, 27(5): 23-27. (in Chinese)
[13] 孙占东, 黄群, 姜加虎, 等. 洞庭湖近年干旱与三峡蓄水影响分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(2): 251-256. SUN Zhandong, HUANG Qun, JIANG Jiahu, et al. Recent Hydrological droughts in Dongtin Lake and its association with the operation of Three Gorges Reservoir. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(2): 251-256. (in Chinese)
[14] 王蒙蒙, 戴凌全, 戴会超, 等. 基于支持向量回归的洞庭湖水位快速预测[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2017, 35(11): 954-961. WANG Mengmeng, DAI Lingquan, DAI Huichao, et al. Support vector regression based model for predicting water level of Dongting Lake. Journal of drainage and irrigation machinery engineering, 2017, 35(11): 954-961. (in Chinese)
[15] 桂梓玲, 刘攀, 伍佑伦, 等. 基于经验相关的城陵矶日流量模拟模型研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2018. GUI Ziling, LIU Pan, WU Youlun, et al. Research on daily flow simulation at the Chenglingji station based on empirical correlations. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2018. (in Chinese)
[16] 毛北平, 吴忠明, 梅军亚, 等. 三峡工程蓄水以来长江与洞庭湖汇流关系变化[J]. 水力发电学报, 2013, 32(5): 48-57. MAO Beiping, WU Zhongming, MEI Junya, et al. Confluence relationship changes of Yangtze River and Dongting Lake since impoundment of Three Gorges project. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2013, 32(5): 48-57. (in Chinese)
[17] 刘鹏飞, 李一兵. 三峡工程蓄水前后监利站水沙变化分析[J]. 水道港口, 2011, 32(6): 408-412. LIU Pengfei, LI Yibing. Analysis on flow and sediment changes at Jianli hydrologic station before and after impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir. Journal of Waterway and Harbor, 2011, 32(6): 408-412. (in Chinese)
[18] 郭希望, 陈剑池, 邹宁, 等. 长江中下游主要水文站水位流量关系研究[J]. 人民长江, 2006, 37(9): 68-71. GUO Xiwang, CHEN Jianchi, ZOU Ning, et al. Research on Stage-Discharge Relation of main hydrological stations in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. Yangtze River, 2006, 37(9): 68-71. (in Chinese)
[19] 谢作涛, 张小峰, 谈广鸣. 洞庭湖城陵矶流量逐日预报研究[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版), 2004, 37(2): 5-7. XIE Zuotao, ZHANG Xiaofeng, and TAN Guangming. Research on forecast of daily discharge of Dongting Lake at Chen-glingji hydrologic station. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2004, 37(2): 5-7. (in Chinese)
[20] 沈艳, 刘攀, 刘玥. 三峡水库调蓄后长江中游径流演变趋势分析[J]. 人民长江, 2013, 44(4): 25-27. SHEN Yan, LIU Pan, and LIU Yue. Analysis on runoff evolution trend of middle Yangtze River after impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir. Yangtze River, 2013, 44(4): 25-27. (in Chinese)
[21] 施修端, 夏薇, 杨彬. 城陵矶站水沙及水位流量关系变化分析[J]. 人民长江, 2000(3): 35-36. SHI Xiuduan, XIA Wei, and YANG Bin. Change of water, sediment and stage-discharge relation at Chenglingji station. Yangtze River, 2000(3): 35-36. (in Chinese)
[22] 宋求明, 熊立华, 肖义, 等. 基于MODIS遥感影像的洞庭湖面积与水位关系研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2011(6): 20-23. SONG Qiuming, XIONG Lihua, XIAO Yi, et al. Study on relationship between lake area and water level of Dongting Lake based on MODIS images. Water Saving Irrigation, 2011(6): 20-23. (in Chinese)
[23] 中华人民共和国水利部. 水文情报预报规范SL250-2000 [S]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2000. Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China. Forecasting norm for hydrology intelligence SL250-2000. Beijing: China Water Power Press, 2000. (in Chinese)