最小生态安全距离的生态学意义及模型

Ecological Significance and Model of Minimum Ecological Safety Distance

摘要: 最小生态安全距离的提出最初是为解决城镇化进程中的环境问题，但其在生态安全格局构建和生物多样性保护等生态学主题上同样具有重要意义。本文基于生态安全理论、大气污染扩散与控制理论以及生态城市建设等基础理论，从多个角度深入挖掘最小生态安全距离的生态学意义和内涵，并结合大气污染扩散模型和最小累积阻力模型，探索最小生态安全距离的测算方法与应用前景。研究表明：1) 最小生态安全距离旨在满足生态系统良性循环、生态系统服务功能正常运转以及环境容量不超载，作为复合生态系统的城市之间或城市各功能单元之间在社会经济活动空间上必须间隔的最小距离；2) 该距离受区域资源环境承载力、环境本底和区域发展目标的约束；3) 最小生态安全距离可综合应用于城市生态安全格局构建、生物多样性保护、城市生态规划和大气污染控制等领域，其在区域生态安全格局构建和减缓城市交叉复合污染方面前景更加广阔。最小生态安全距离的确定是一个综合性的建模求解过程，需要多学科理论和技术的支持，并通过大量丰富的实证研究，才能拓展和深化最小生态安全距离的生态学意义和内涵。

Abstract: The minimum ecological safety distance is originally designed to solve environmental problems in the process of urbanization, and it is of great significance in ecological topics, such as ecological security pattern and biodiversity conservation. The thesis thoroughly discusses the ecological meaning and connotation of minimum ecological security distance of multi dimension based on the theory of ecological security, air pollution diffusion and building of ecological city. It also explores measures to calculate the minimum distance and prospects for practical use with the help of the atmospheric pollution diffusion model and the minimum cumulative resistance model. The research shows that: 1) the minimum ecological safety distance is the necessary spatial interval of economic and social activities between cities or functional units which are composite ecosystems themselves. It is set to keep functioning of virtuous cycle of the ecosystem and service and avoid environmental overloading; 2) it is subject to regional resource and environment carrying capacity, environmental background and regional development goals; 3) the minimum ecological security distance can be used in the fields of ecological security structure of cities, biodiversity conservation, eco-city planning and air pollution control, and is proved to be promising in constructing regional ecological security pattern and reducing cross-compound pollution. To determine the minimum ecological safety distance is to pursue a comprehensive modeling that requires multidisciplinary theories, technical support and a large number of empirical studies. Only in this way can we enrich the ecological significance and connotation of the minimum ecological safety distance.