三峡库区(重庆段)生态补偿额度多维度量化研究

Quantitative Research on Multidimensional Payment for Ecosystem Services’ of Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing Section)

摘要: 生态补偿作为当前国际公认的生态环境保护手段之一，如何量化生态补偿标准，已成为各界学者研究的热点问题。本文以三峡库区(重庆段)为研究区域，以生态、经济、社会公平度为切入点构建生态补偿标准多维度量化指标体系，运用生态服务价值法、机会成本法和条件价值法构建生态补偿标准多维度量化模型，经过系数修正并进行测算，确定出生态补偿标准额度，剖析区域间生态补偿标准空间格局演变过程，科学制定重庆三峡库区不同区域生态补偿的分配标准，提出重庆三峡库区生态补偿标准的调控机制。研究结果表明：从生态角度出发，通过生态服务价值法测算出的2015年重庆三峡库区生态补偿额度为10.99亿元；从经济角度出发，通过机会成本法测算出的2015年重庆三峡库区生态补偿额度为10.09亿元；从社会公平角度出发，通过条件价值法测算出的2015年重庆三峡库区受偿意愿偿额度为66.37亿元、支付意愿偿额度为25.52亿元；结果表明在空间上自然地理要素和经济要素的补偿测算准确度明显优于社会人文要素补偿测算，制定生态补偿标准时主要参考自然和经济要素的测算值，为科学制定生态补偿标准提供参考。

Abstract: As one of the internationally recognized ecological environmental protection methods, ecological compensation has become a hot issue for scholars from all walks of life. This paper takes the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing Section) as the research area, and constructs the multi-dimensional measurement index system of ecological compensation standard with ecological, economic and social equity as the entry point, and constructs ecological compensation by using ecological service value method, opportunity cost method and conditional value method. Standard multi-dimensional measurement models, after coefficient correction and calculation, determine the ecological compensation standard quota, analyze the spatial pattern evolution process of inter-regional ecological compensation standard, scientifically formulate the allocation standard of ecological compensation in different regions of Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and propose Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area—the regulation mechanism of ecological compensation standards. The research results show that from the ecological point of view, the eco-compensation amount of Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir Area in 2015 is 1.09 billion Yuan calculated by the ecological service value method. From the economic point of view, the ecological environment of Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir in 2015 is calculated by the opportunity cost method. The compensation amount is 1.009 billion Yuan; from the perspective of social equity, the compensation for the Three Gorges reservoir area in Chongqing in 2015 is 6.637 billion Yuan and the willingness to pay is 2.552 billion Yuan; the results show that the accuracy of compensation for natural geographical factors and economic factors is obviously better than that of social human factors compensation. When formulating ecological compensation standards, it mainly refers to the measured values of natural and economic factors, which provides a reference for the scientific formulation of ecological compensation standards.