南岳衡山珂楠树群落多样性分析

Diversity Analysis on Meliosma alba Community in Mount Heng

摘要: 在野外共设计了15个20 × 5 m的样方，对衡山珂楠树群落的种类组成、结构特征及物种多样性进行了分析，结果表明：该群落种类组成丰富，共有维管束植物151种，隶属于77科141属，群落优势科为蔷薇科、禾本科、菊科、壳斗科、唇形科、蓼科、荨麻科等；植物的生活型多样，以地下芽植物与高位芽植物占优势，叶的生活期以夏绿叶为主，常绿叶次之，冬绿叶缺失；群落季相明显，层次完整，以草本植物占优势；物种多样性指数以草本层数量最多，分布也最均匀，呈草本层 > 藤本层 > 灌木层 > 乔木层格局；种群结构以幼苗幼树占优势，在自然状况下，其群落的演替趋势是顺向的，应注意保护。

Abstract: Fifteen quadrats of 20*5 m are designed in total in the field; the species composition, structural characteristics and species diversity of Meliosma beaniana community in Mount Heng are analyzed. The result has shown that this community is rich with diverse composition, with 151 types of vascular plants, which belong to 77 families and 141 genera; the dominant families of community are rosaceae, gramineae, compositae, fagaceae, labiatae, polygonace, urticaceae and so forth. The living forms of plants are diverse, dominated by the geophytes and phanerophytes. The activity duration is dominated by the summer leaves, followed by evergreen leaves, and is lack of the winter leaves. The seasonal aspect of community is quite obvious with complete stratification, which is dominated by herbaceous plants. The species diversity index was the most abundant and uniform in the herb layer, with the layout of herbaceous layer > vine layer > bush layer > tree layer. Seeding and sapling trees take the advantages of the population structure. Under natural conditions, the succession trend of the community is straight-forward, which should be protected.