河北廊坊雾天气气象条件与空气污染特征

Meteorological Condition and Air Pollution Characteristic of Fog in Langfang of Hebei Province

摘要: 为了研究廊坊雾日气象及空气污染特征，利用气象观测资料和环境监测资料，采用相关分析、数理统计等方法，分析雾的时空特征、日变化规律、雾出现时气象要素变化特征及空气污染特征。结果发现：廊坊单站雾最多占34.2%；北三站雾日明显低于中南部各站；9站平均年雾日数呈现减少的趋势；秋、冬季是雾的多发季节；各站单日雾最多占71%以上；凌晨5点雾发生的频率最高为20.8%，早上8点雾消散的频率最高为17.3%，3 h以内的短时雾最易出现占42.6%；风速0~2.0 m/s雾发生频率较高在82%~89.7%之间，当风速大于4 m/s时雾发生频率不足3.5%；08时、14时、20时均是静风时出现雾的频率最高；相对湿度80%~90%时雾发生频率最高；雾出现的最适宜气压是1000 hPa~1030 hPa；在主要污染季节，逆温层厚度一般更厚、强度一般更强，除了5月外的其余月雾日当天出现逆温频率在70%以上；主要污染季节出现大雾天气时一般会有3级以上的空气污染发生。

Abstract: For studying meteorological condition and air pollution of fog in Langfang, based on the meteorological observational data and environmental monitoring data in Langfang, temporal and spatial feature, day variational law, variation of meteorological factors in fog days, and air pollution in fog days are analyzed by using correlation analysis and mathematical statistics methods. Results show that single-station fog is most accounting for 34.2%, fog days of three north stations are less than of six central-south stations. Annual fog days for 9 stations show downward trend. The season of multi-fog is in autumn and winter. Single-day fog exceeding 71% in each station is most. Frequency that fog occurs is the highest at 5:00 accounting for 20.8%, and frequency that fog dissipate is the high-est at 8:00 accounting for 17.3%. The short-term fog within 3 hours occurs easily accounting for 42.6%. Frequency that fog occur is much higher accounting for 82% - 89.7% when wind speed is from 0 m/s to 2 m/s. Frequency that fog occur is less than 3.5% when wind speed exceed 4 m/s. Frequency that fog occur is the highest at 8:00 and 14:00 and 20:00 when wind speed is 0 m/s. When relative humidity is accounting for 80% - 90% and pressure is accounting for 1000 hPa - 1030 hPa frequency that fog occur is the highest. Inversion layer is thicker and stronger in main pollution seasons generally, in addition to May inversion frequency of fog in other month is more than 70%; above 3 grade air pollution often appears in fog days for main pollution seasons.