东北玉米种植区主要害虫种类及为害情况分析

The Main Pest Species and the Damage Analysis of Northeast Maize Growing Zone

摘要: 为明确新的气候和耕作条件下东北春玉米区主要害虫种类及其为害情况，对东北春玉米区四个县市(肇东，双城，开原，瓦房店)进行整个玉米生育期害虫调查。结果显示，当前东北春玉米区主要害虫有金针虫、蛴螬、地老虎、蝼蛄、灯蛾、粘虫、玉米蚜虫、双斑萤叶甲、亚洲玉米螟、白星花金龟等；其中灯蛾仅在黑龙江调查区发现为害；双斑萤叶甲在黑龙江调查区发生普遍，但为害级别低，辽宁调查区零星发生，为害极低；金针虫、粘虫和亚洲玉米螟是东北玉米种植区的主要害虫，为害最严重的仍为亚洲玉米螟，其为害是造成东北春玉米区产量损失的主要因素。亚洲玉米螟在黑龙江调查区主要在穗期为害，在辽宁调查区心叶期和穗期均有严重为害，穗期玉米螟的为害需引起重视。

Abstract: To confirm the main pest species and damage level on new climate and farming conditions, survey on four sites (Zhaodong, Shuangcheng, Kaiyuan and Wafangdian) of northeast spring maize zone was carried out during the whole growth period of maize. The results showed that the current pests species are Elateridae, Scarabaeoidea, Noctuidae, Gryllotalpidae, Arctiidae, Mythimna separata, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Monolepta hieroglyphica, Ostrinia furnacalis, Protaetia brevitarsis and other species at northeast maize zone. Tiger moth only appears in Heilongjiang Province among the four sites. Monolepta hieroglyphica is a common specie in Heilongjiang Province but not in Liaoning, and there is little damage at these two areas. Elateridae, Mythimna separata and Ostrinia furnacalis are main pests in northeast maize planting regions and Ostrinia furnacalis is the most serious one. The main factor of maize yield loss is the damage caused by Ostrinia furnacalis. Damage of Ostrinia furnacalis is mainly in the heading stage in Heilongjiang while damage in leaf stage and heading stage was serious in Liaoning.