旋翼升力地效特性实验研究

Experimental Study on the Ground Effect of Rotor Lift

摘要: 关于旋翼地面效应的研究已有几十年历史,发表了大量的理论研究及试验研究成果。这类研究至今仍在继续中，究其原因，主要是其实用价值。旋翼飞行器在近地悬停或低速前飞时有明显的地面效应，对飞行器的气动载荷有强烈影响。本文针对旋翼飞行器的地面效应问题，采用多种尺寸的旋翼模型进行悬停地效实验，为此设计了模拟地效测力实验台，利用平台模拟旋翼悬停离地高度，测力试验台测量旋翼升力大小并安装了粒子发烟装置，拍摄了旋翼下方的动态流场。试验结果表明：当旋翼悬停离地高度在1.2倍旋翼直径以下时，地面效应影响显著，并观测到明显的涡旋喷泉流现象。试验结果对旋翼飞行器动力系统选择，控制増稳系统设计以及利用地面效应优势提高承载能力的飞行器具有一定参考价值。

Abstract: There have been several decades of research on the ground effect of rotor, and a lot of theoretical and experimental research results have been published. This kind of research is still continuing, mainly because of its practical value. The rotorcraft has obvious ground effect when hovering near the ground or flying forward at low speed, which has a strong influence on the aerodynamic load of the aircraft. In order to research the ground effect problem of rotor aircraft, a ground effi-ciency simulation force measuring system is designed by using various sizes of the rotor model. The rotor hovering altitude was simulated, the lift of rotor was measured by force measuring system and the particle smoke device was installed to capture the dynamic flow field under the rotor. The experimental results show that when the rotor hovers below 1.2 times the diameter of the rotor, the ground effect is significant, and obvious vortex fountain phenomenon is observed. The experimental results have some reference value for the selection of dynamic system, the design of control and stability system, and the use of ground effect to improve the bearing capacity of rotorcraft.