孤独症儿童沟通能力的神经机制与图片交换沟通系统的研究应用

The Neural Mechanism of Communication Ability of Autistic Children and the Research and Application of Picture Exchange Communication System

摘要: 孤独症谱系障碍(Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD)是一种以社会交往、言语和非言语交流缺陷为主要症状的广泛性发育障碍。孤独症沟通能力的康复性训练以及其神经生物学基础一直是研究者关注的焦点。本文从电生理、大脑神经影像等方面对ASD言语功能，社交情景的认知能力以及注意与自我意识的神经机制研究做了系统的梳理。图片交换沟通系统(Picture Exchange Communication System, PECS)是一套针对言语沟通障碍个体而开发的图片辅助沟通干预训练程序。基于图片交换沟通系统的应用研究，本文总结了PECS对ASD、阿斯伯格(Asperger Syndrome, AS)综合征、儿童瓦解精神障碍(Heller综合征)以及Rett综合征(Rett Syndrome, RTT)等弥散性神经发育障碍的沟通能力康复训练的研究。未来的研究可以关注孤独症儿童在PECS干预前后的脑功能结构改变，并应用新的数据分析技术，在脑网络水平上的功能整合与分化视角来研究，从认知神经机制层面进一步揭示PECS对孤独症儿童康复的影响机制。

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) characterized by the deficits in social communication, verbal and non-verbal language skills. Rehabilitation train-ing of autism communication ability and its neurobiological basis have been the focus of attention of researchers. This paper systematically reviews the speech function, cognitive ability of social situations and the neural mechanism of attention and self-consciousness in ASD from the aspects of electrophysiology and brain neuroimaging. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is a set of picture-assisted communication intervention training program developed for individuals with speech communication disorders. Based on the applied research of picture exchange communication system, this paper summarizes the research of PECS on communication rehabilitation training of ASD, Asperger Syndrome (AS), Heller’s syndrome and Rett Syndrome (RTT). Studies can focus on the structural and functional changes of brain function in autistic children before and after PECS intervention in future, applying new data analysis techniques to study the functional integration and differentiation at the level of brain network to further reveal the mechanism of PECS on autistic children's rehabilitation from the level of cognitive neural mechanism.