香叶天竺葵、夹竹桃及银胶菊对南方根结线虫的杀线活性

Nematicidal Activities of Pelargonium graveolens L’Herit., Nerium indicum Mill. and Parthenium hysterophorus Extracts against Meloidogyne incognita

摘要: 为新型植物源杀线剂的研究与开发，本文以南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)为靶标，采用室内离体生物活性测定与盆栽植物生物活性测定相结合的方法，对香叶天竺葵、夹竹桃及银胶菊水提取物的杀线虫活性进行了研究。结果表明：供试3种植物水提物均存在不同程度的毒杀线虫活性，杀线活性与水提物浓度呈正相关。各植物水提物杀线活性均1×倍液 > 2.5×倍液 > 5×倍液 > 10×倍液，分别为：夹竹桃(98.60 > 92.68 > 78.42 > 66.20)，香叶天竺葵(90.24 > 86.76 > 67.94 > 51.57)，银胶菊(66.20 > 52.26 > 35.19 > 20.91)。其中以夹竹桃水提取物原液对南方根结线虫J2的毒杀活性为最高，24 h校正死亡率为98.60%；香叶天竺葵次之；银胶菊最差，仅为66.20%。同时盆栽实验结果表明：3种植物水提取物50倍液对番茄进行3次浇灌理后，可以有效地减少番茄根部因南方根结线虫侵染而形成的根结数，其中夹竹桃与香叶天竺葵水提取物效果较好，根结防效分别为73.31%和61.39%，J2防效分别为78.94%和73.46%。因此，夹竹桃与香叶天竺葵可作为植物源杀线剂进行深入开发和利用。

Abstract: In order to develop new ways and new natural products for controlling Meloidogyne incognita, nematicidal activities of Pelargonium graveolens L’Herit., Nerium indicum Mill. and Parthenium hysterophorus to Meloidogyne incognita were studied with bioassay both in vitro and in vivo in present paper. The results showed that three plant extracts had nematicidal activities of Meloidogyne incognita, and the pertinence between bioactivity and strength was positive. Nerium indicum Mill. extract had the best nematicidal activity to J2 of Meloidogyne incognita with mortality of 98.60% (24 h), Pelargonium graveolens L’Herit. take second place; Parthenium hysterophorus was worst with mortality of 66.20% (24 h). And in vivo bioassay results showed that, the number of root-knots could be effectively reduced when dipping tomato seedlings with three plant-Exts 50 times after three times, and the control effects of Nerium indicum Mill. and Pelargonium graveolens L’Herit. were 73.17%, 61.39% respectively. J2 control effects: 78.94% and 73.46%. Therefore, Nerium indicum Mill. and Pelargonium graveolens L’Herit. can be used as the phytochemicals nematicides for further development and utilization.