紫外辐照技术处理船舶压载水的应用优势与存在问题

Application Advantages and Problems of Ultraviolet Irradiation Technology in Treating Ship’s Ballast Water

摘要: 船舶压载水在船舶运输中具有保证船舶航行安全的重要作用，但在注入和排出过程中其携带的有害生物会对沿海国家海域造成严重破坏。为有效控制压载水中藻类等其他有害生物的排放，IMO于2004年出台了《船舶压载水和沉积物控制和管理国际公约》，并已于2017年9月8日生效。该公约规定了明确的国际压载水排放标准，然而现今仍没有成熟的有效的处理技术可以完全地达到该排放标准。其中广为研究的紫外辐照技术有其本身的优势，该技术是利用紫外线对水中微生物进行照射，在没有污染的情况下即可达到杀死水中有害藻类的目的。该技术存在着一些潜在问题亟待解决。因此有必要深入研究紫外辐照技术并进一步完善，使其可以充分发挥优势，造福海洋环境。本文结合目前的压载水处理方法与压载水处理系统，着重探究紫外辐照技术的优势与缺点。

Abstract: Ship ballast water plays an important role in ensuring the safety of navigation of ships during ship transportation. However, the harmful organisms carried during the injection and discharge process will cause serious damage to the coastal countries. In order to effectively control the emission of algae and other harmful organisms in ballast water, IMO introduced the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004, which came into effect on September 8, 2017. The Convention provides for clear international ballast water discharge standards, but today there are still no mature and effective treatment technologies that can fully meet this emission standard. Among them, the widely studied ultraviolet irradiation technology has its own advantages. The technology uses ultraviolet light to irradiate microorganisms in water, and can achieve the purpose of killing harmful algae in water without pollution. There are some potential problems in this technology that need to be solved. Therefore, it is necessary to study the UV irradiation technology in depth and further improve it so that it can give full play to its advantages and benefit the marine environment. This paper combines the current ballast water treatment method with ballast water treatment system to focus on the advantages and disadvantages of UV irradiation technology.