桉树叶提取液提取方法及对大田烟蚜的防治效果研究

Study on Extraction Method of Eucalyptus Leaf Extract and Control Effect of Tobacco Aphid in Field

摘要: 用甲醇、石油醚、丙酮等作溶剂，采用索氏提取、加热回流、浸渍超声三种提取方法对桉树叶提取液提取方法进行了研究，同时对桉树叶提取液对烟蚜的防治效果进行了大田试验。结果表明：提取溶剂以石油醚为好，提取方法以加热回流为最好。在大田药效试验中，石油醚提取物10,000、5000 mg/L 2个用药量处理，药后1天，对烟蚜的平均防效分别为40.07%和34.63%，速效性较差，药后7天，平均防效分别达到73.42%和64.51%，药效有了明显提升，药后14天，吡虫啉对烟蚜的防效下降明显(17%)，而石油醚提取物10,000 mg/L处理只下降11%，说明桉树叶石油醚提取物有不错的持效性。由此说明，桉树叶提取物对大田烟蚜有较好防效且持效性好。

Abstract: Using methanol, petroleum ether, acetone as solvent, extraction methods of eucalyptus leaves were studied by soxhlet extraction, heat reflux and immersion ultrasound. Meanwhile, the control effect of eucalyptus leaf extract on tobacco aphid was tested in field. The results show that the extraction solvent is better than petroleum ether and the extraction method is better than heating reflux. In the field test, petroleum ether extract was treated with dosage of 10,000, 5000 mg/L, the average protective effect on the tobacco aphids was 40.07% and 34.63%, respectively, and the quick effect was poor. After 7 days, the average preventive effect reached 73.42% and 64.51%, respectively; after 14 days, the protective effect of imidacloprid on tobacco aphid decreased significantly (17%), while that of petroleum ether extract (10,000 mg/L) decreased only 11%. It shows that the oil ether extract of eucalyptus leaves has good efficiency. Therefore, the eucalyptus leaf extract is effective in preventing and maintaining tobacco aphid.