自我控制研究方法评述

A Research Review of Self-Control

摘要: 近年来对自我控制的研究逐渐增多，自我控制的研究涉及社会心理学、神经心理学、健康与临床心理学、认知心理学等多个领域，研究群体涵盖儿童，青少年和成年人，并且自我控制的影响因素和研究方法多种多样。本文主要从自我控制的影响因素、冲动、动机和个体差异来分析自我控制的研究方法。研究方法包括停止信号任务、GO/NO GO任务、注意实验、工作记忆任务、延迟满足任务、跨期决策任务、内隐动机测验。由此，研究者发现自我控制的影响因素非常广泛，自我控制间的因素既相互影响又相互独立，现有的研究还未能将自我控制的所有因素统一起来，自我控制能力的研究还有待改进。因此本文整合了国内外关于自我控制的研究，分析自我控制影响因素和研究方法，以期为自我控制研究提供新的研究思路。

Abstract: In recent years, the research on self-control has gradually increased. The field of the self-control involves social psychology, neuro-psychology, health and clinical psychology, and cognitive psy-chology. The research group covers children, adolescents and adults. There are many influencing factors and research methods about self-control. In the article, we analyze the research method by describing self-control factors, such as impulsive, incentive and individual difference, and the research method involves stop signal task, GO/NO GO task, attention task, working memory task, delay of gratification, inter-temporal decision making and implicit motivation test. In these ways, researchers showed that the factors of affecting self control are many and varied. They influence each other and are independent of each other. However, those researches couldn’t answer the relationship within these factors completely, so the methods of research have to be improved. In the present research, by integrating the research on self-control at home and abroad, we aimed at analyze the factors and research methods in order to offer a new research idea for future study.